«История евреев. Том 6»

Merbal, a Phœnician, rules his own country, 1, 342.

Merida, early settlement of Jews in, 3, 43.

home of Samuel Ibn-Nagrela’s father, 3, 255.

Mérilhou, French minister of education, proposes the complete emancipation of the Jews, 5, 597.

Merinos, the, a powerful family of Fez, 4, 390.

Merkel, Christian, member of the Westphalian Jewish consistory, 5, 502.

Merlato, Austrian consul at Damascus, protects Picciotto, 5, 639.

abused, 5, 639, 646.

issues a report on the Damascus affair, 5, 646.

thanked by the London meeting, 5, 653.

thanked by the Jews of Alexandria, 5, 660.

Merlo, Diego de, commissioner to frame the statute of the Inquisition, 4, 312.

Merodach-baladan, king of Babylon, embassy of, to Hezekiah, 1, 278–9.

Merom, lake, battle of, 1, 57.

Merovingians, the, the Jews under, 3, 36–40, 143.

Merseburg, Jews in, in the ninth century, 3, 144.

the Jews of, presented to the bishop, 3, 243.

Merv, a scientific center in the ninth century, 3, 146.

Mervan II, last of the Ommiyyade caliphs, rebellion against, 3, 125.

Merwan, father of the poetess Asma, 3, 76.

Mesa (Mesha), king of Moab, defeated, 1, 208–9.

Meshershaya bar Pacod, Amora, executed by Firuz, 2, 629.

Meshullam of Béziers, denounces the Bahir as a forgery, 3, 556.

Meshullam of Rome, announces Innocent VII’s opposition to the expulsion of the Jews, 4, 346–7.

Meshullam ben Jacob (1170), patron of Jewish learning in Lünel, 3, 396.

sons of, 3, 396–7.

encourages Judah Ibn-Tibbon to make translations into Hebrew, 3, 397.

encourages Abraham ben David to write a Mishna commentary, 3, 399.

descendant of, 4, 30.

Meshullam, son of Berechiah, marries his daughter to an Ammonite, 1, 362.

Meshullam En-Vidas Dafiera, poet, on Nachmani, 3, 557.

Mesopotamia, Judæans own large tracts in, 2, 202.

laid waste by Severus, 2, 464.

Mesopotamia, northern, a synagogue in, burnt by monks, 2, 614.

Mesopotamia, southern, Jewish Babylonia, 2, 504.

Mesquito, David Bueno de, millionaire in Amsterdam, 5, 205.

Messer-Jawaih, of Bassora, physician, translates a medical work into Arabic, 3, 111.

Мессер Леон. См. Иуда бен Иехиэль.

Messiah, the, a descendant of David, 1, 528.

the coming of, foretold by a Judæo-Greek writer, 2, 95, 143.

longing for, in the post-exilic period, 2, 142–3.

as conceived by various parties in Judæa, 2, 144–5.

Jesus declares himself, 2, 158.

necessity of a precursor to, 2, 158.

expected to come from Bethlehem, 2, 161.

suffering, objections to, 2, 166.

warrants in Holy Writ for Jesus as, 2, 166–7.

expectation of, after the death of Jesus, 2, 167–8.

Jesus believed by the apostle Paul to be, 2, 225–6.

expectation of, in the Roman period, 2, 240–1.

belief in Bar-Cochba as, 2, 409, 412.

the advent of, dependent on the extinction of the Patriarchate and the Exilarchate, 2, 457.

to appear in Rome, 2, 498.

Mar-Samuel’s view on, 2, 519.

appearance of, a condition of the restoration of the Jewish state, 2, 600.

hope of, suppressed by Ashi, 2, 610.

expectation of, among the Arabian Jews, 3, 58.

expected by the Jews of the Caliphate of the East, 3, 145.

expected by the Chazars, 3, 222.

expected by the Karaites, 3, 247.

expectation of, in Germany and France in the eleventh century, 3, 298.

the appearance of, calculated by Abraham Albargeloni, 3, 313.

hoped for by the Jews of northern Africa under Abdulmumen, 3, 360.

forerunner of, among the Yemen Jews, 3, 462, 464.

doctrine of the soul of, in the Kabbala, 3, 555.

David Alrui poses as, 3, 431, 432.

characterized by Nachmani, 3, 600.

the coming of, supposed to be heralded by Hulagu’s devastation of Jerusalem, 3, 606.

abrogates the Law according to Raymund Martin, 3, 622.

the appearance of, rumored in Syria, 3, 637.

speculations on, in the Zohar, 4, 18.

belief in, set aside by Chayim ben Gallipapa, 4, 149.

the expectation of, the center of the Kabbala, 4, 482.

the advent of, predicted by Isaac Abrabanel and Asher Lämmlein, 4, 482–3.

hope in, aroused by the Kabbalists, 4, 483.

expectation of, aroused by David Reubeni, 4, 494, 497–8.

expectation of, nursed by Solomon Molcho, 4, 495–7, 529–30.

hope of, cherished by Joseph Karo, 4, 538–9.

hope of, aroused by Isaac Lurya, 4, 622.

references to, expunged from the Talmud by the censors, 4, 660.

hope of, awakened by the Thirty Years’ War, 5, 23.

of the Jews, as defined by the Fifth Monarchy believers, 5, 23.

hopes of, entertained by Manasseh ben Israel, 5, 24, 28, 31, 33.

the advent of, connected with the re-settlement of the Jews in England, 5, 28, 40.

hoped for, by Felgenhauer, 5, 35–6.

hopes of, entertained by Christians, 5, 37.

the hopes of, entertained by Jews, expounded by Manasseh ben Israel, 5, 37–8.

Cromwell said to be, 5, 45.

speculations on, in the Kabbala, 5, 120–1.

Sabbataï Zevi reveals himself as, 5, 122.

connected with the idea of suffering, 5, 122–3.

Nathan Ghazati on, 5, 131–2.

according to Sabbatian conceptions, 5, 142–3.

announced by Nehemiah Cohen, 5, 152.

Mordecai of Eisenstadt proclaims himself, 5, 209.

Jacob Querido reverenced as, 5, 210.

Berachya regarded as, 5, 211.

doctrine of, by Chayon, 5, 219–20.

Moses Meïr Kamenker regarded as, 5, 230.

Luzzatto proclaimed as, 5, 245.

Jacob Frank the incarnation of, 5, 273, 274.

expectation of, in Poland, 5, 377.

belief in, abandoned by the Hamburg Reform Temple Union, 5, 565.

doctrine of, given up by the “Friends of Reform,” 5, 675, 676.

Holdheim on, 5, 680.

attitude of the Berlin Reform Association towards, 5, 683.

Messiah, the, of the branch of Joseph, Isaac Lurya considers himself, 4, 622, 624.

Chayim Vital considers himself, 4, 625; 5, 52.

discussed by Sabbataï Zevi and Nehemiah Cohen, 5, 153.

Cardoso declares himself, 5, 207.

Messiahs, numbers of, appear during Roman sovereignty in Judæa, 2, 144.

Мессии, список:

Авраам бен Самуил Абулафия,

Авила, мессия из

Айллон, мессия из

Бар-Кохба,

Берахья,

Франк, Яков

Яков Керидо,

Иисус,

Луццатто, Моше Хаим

Мордехай из Айзенштадта,

Моисей с Крита,

Моисей Ботарель,

Моисей Меир Каменкер,

Обадия Абу-Иса бен Исаак,

Саббатай Цеви,

Серен,

Февда.

Messianic age, the, as conceived by the educated classes, 2, 144–5.

believed to be dawning under Vespasian, 2, 291–2.

tokens of, according to Abraham of Granada, 4, 197.

preparation for, according to Maimonides, 4, 530.

as described by Isaac Lurya, 4, 620.

Messianic year, the, set for 1358, 4, 120.

fixed at 1648 by the Zohar, 5, 6, 121–2.

fixed by the Fifth Monarchy believers at 1666, 5, 120.

Messina, the Jewish community in, in the sixth century, 3, 28.

the clerk at the mint of, a Jew, 3, 567.

Jews from, form a congregation in Constantinople, 4, 402.

Messina, the Jews of, enjoy equal rights with the Christians, 3, 423.

in the twelfth century, 3, 424.

Месви. См. Моисей из Баальбека; Муса из Акбара.

Метемпсихоз. См. Переселение душ.

Meter, introduced into Hebrew by Dunash ben Labrat, 3, 223, 226.

Metibta, a session of the schools in Babylonia, 2, 547.

Metilius, commander of the Roman garrison in Jerusalem, 2, 255.

spared by the Zealots, 2, 261.

Metternich, reactionary leader, 5, 512.

disapproves of the oppression of the Jews in the Hanse Towns, 5, 514.

accepts Humboldt’s constitution as a basis for discussion, 5, 514.

carelessness of, 5, 519–20.

the Jews of Austria under, 5, 523.

on the emancipation of the Jews, 5, 527.

intolerant of Jews, 5, 579.

intervention of, in the Damascus affair, 5, 646, 647.

writes to Mehmet Ali, 5, 647.

thanked by the London meeting, 5, 653.

thanked by the Jews of Alexandria, 5, 660.

Meturgeman, the, duty of, in the Synhedrion, 2, 361.

office of, in the time of the Amoraim, 2, 541.

employed by Samuel ben Ali, 3, 438.

Metz, rabbis of, Poles, 5, 17.

the Royal Society of, offers a prize on the Jewish question, 5, 434–5.

the Talmud school of, closed, 5, 567.

a rabbinical college at, 5, 700.

Metz, the Jews of, privileges of, renewed by Louis XIV, 5, 174.

the blood accusation against, 5, 174–5.

elect Eibeschütz rabbi, 5, 251.

limited in number, 5, 347–8.

income from, given away by Louis XIV, 5, 348, 446.

restrictions against, 5, 348–9.

number of, 5, 435.

petition for the removal of oppressive taxes, 5, 438.

relieved of taxes, 5, 446.

hindered in the celebration of the Passover, 5, 452.

suffering of, 5, 452.

Мец, Моисей. См. Энсхайм, Моисей.

Metz, Moses, follower of Joseph Delmedigo, 5, 77.

Meyer, a Jew of Breslau, charged with host desecration, 4, 261.

Meyer, Edward, opponent of the Jews, 5, 602.

Meyer, Peter, pastor in Frankfort, permits Pfefferkorn to preach, 4, 449.

Meyerbeer, father of, 5, 563.

composes songs for the Leipsic Reform service, 5, 573.

Meyuchas, Mordecai Joseph, rabbi of Jerusalem, encourages opposition to Napoleon, 5, 459.

Mezuzzoth, the use of, prohibited under Hadrian, 2, 424.

Миаса. См. Меир.

Михей (I), пророк. См. Михей.

Micah (II), prophet, prophecies of, 1, 261–2.

encourages the people of Judah under Hezekiah, 1, 273.

Michael, name of an angel, 1, 403.

Michael of Frankfort, merchant, the ruin of, urged by Luther, 4, 551.

Michael the Old, Karaite, permits lights on the Sabbath, 4, 269.

Michael ben Kaleb, Jewish poet in Thebes, 3, 426.

Michael Scotus, friend of Jacob Anatoli, 3, 566.

translator of philosophical works, 3, 567.

Michaelis, John David, professor at Göttingen, hostility of, to the Jews, 5, 359–60.

criticised by Mendelssohn, 5, 361.

об «Иерусалиме», 5, 365–6.

on “The Gatherer,” 5, 404.

on the Jews, 5, 414.

refuted by Mirabeau, 5, 433.

Michaelis, John Henry, exonerates the Alenu prayer, 5, 191.

Michaiah, son of Gemariah, reports Baruch’s reading of Jeremiah’s scroll, 1, 305.

Michaiah (Micah I), son of Imlah, prophet, hostile to Ahab, 1, 205.

Michal, daughter of Saul, devoted to David, 1, 98.

marries David, 1, 100.

returns to David, 1, 110.

rebukes David, 1, 120.

Michlol, grammatical work by David Kimchi, 3, 394.

Michmash, Philistine camp at, 1, 86–8.

Jonathan Haphus invests the fortress of, 1, 494.

Microcosmos, religio-philosophical work by Abu-Amr Joseph Ibn-Zadik, 3, 314–15.

Middelburg, admission of Jews into, proposed, 4, 663.

Middlesex, Lord, and Manasseh ben Israel, 5, 33.

Middoth, the seven, of Hillel, for testing the oral Law, 2, 98.

Midian, Moses in, 1, 14.

Midianites, the, seduce the Israelites to idolatry, 1, 28.

routed by Gideon, 1, 61–3.

Midoth, Mishna of Rabbi Akiba, 2, 354.

Midras, academy among the Arabian Jews, 3, 59.

Midrash, method of deducing the oral Law from Scripture, 2, 328, 329.

Мидраш Симона бар Йохая. См. Зогар.

Midrash Rabba, the, laid under the ban, 5, 195.

“Migdal Oz,” Sabbataï Zevi’s prison at Abydos, 5, 148.

Migration, the, of the nations, 2, 604–5.

Mikulski, de, Canon, favors the conversion of Frankists, 5, 285.

arranges for a disputation between Frankists and Talmudists, 5, 285.

Milan, the Jewish community in, under the Ostrogoths, 3, 28.

refuge of the exiles from the Papal States, 4, 592.

Milan, the Jews of, letter to, from Theodoric, 3, 30.

appeal for permission to own the Talmud, 4, 658.

Milan district, the, the Jews of, expelled, 4, 660.

Milchamoth, work by Abraham Maimuni, 3, 545.

Milchamoth Adonaï, work by Levi ben Gerson, 4, 92.

Milcom, Baal of the Ammonites, 1, 55.

worshiped on the Mount of Olives, 1, 175.

Military service, Jews admitted to, 3, 36, 293, 384, 592.

Military service, Jews excluded from, by Honorius, 2, 617.

by Theodosius, 3, 28.

under Clotaire II, 3, 40.

in the Byzantine empire, 3, 425.

Miller, John, describes the Hamburg Jews, 4, 690.

objections of, to the Jews, 4, 691.

attacks Judaism, 4, 692.

Millionaires, Jewish, at Amsterdam, 5, 205.

in Berlin, 5, 397, 414.

Millo, the, northern elevation of Jerusalem, 1, 118.

Solomon’s palace in, 1, 168.

Milo, papal legate, humbles Raymund VI of Toulouse, 3, 501–2.

presides over the Council of Avignon, 3, 503.

Milo, Joseph Nassi made duke of, 4, 596.

Minæans (Minim), the, sectaries, 2, 369.

the writings of, influence Elisha ben Abuya, 2, 377.

influence of, on Judaism deprecated by Tarphon, 2, 378.

term for informers, 2, 379.

curse of, attributed to Gamaliel II, 2, 379–80.

curse of, subject of a charge before Alfonso XI of Castile, 4, 83.

Minden, Jews tolerated in, 4, 686.

Minhagim, compiled by the Austrian school of rabbis, 4, 134–5.

Миним. См. Минеи.

Minna of Speyer, tortured during the second crusade, 3, 352.

Менорка. См. Магона.

Минориты. См. Францисканцы.

Минуй. См. Ординация.

Minyan Yavanim (Shetaroth), the Seleucidæan era, abolished, 4, 394–5.

Микес, Жуан. См. Наси, Иосиф.

Mirabeau, count (1749–1791), sympathy of, enlisted for the Jews by Dohm, 5, 366.

in intercourse with Henrietta Herz, 5, 413.

on Prussia under Frederick William II, 5, 419.

influenced by Mendelssohn, 5, 432.

on the Jews, 5, 432–3.

favors the emancipation of the Jews, 5, 433–4, 441.

protests against a dominant religion, 5, 439.

Miracles, the nature of, as explained in “The Guide of the Perplexed,” 3, 483, 523.

theory of, by Nachmani, 3, 533.

Мирандола. См. Пико делла Мирандола.

Miriam, mother of Jesus, 2, 148.

Miriam, prophetess, member of the tribe of Levi, 1, 12.

Miriam of Peræa, suffering of, during the siege of Jerusalem, 2, 306.

“Mirror for Admonition, A,” anti-Jewish pamphlet by Ortuin de Graes, 4, 425.

“Mirror of Morals, The,” by Solomon Alami, quotation from, 4, 154–5.

“Mirror of the Jews, The,” anti-Jewish pamphlet by Hundt, 5, 532.

Mises, Jehuda Löb, patron of Jewish students in Lemberg, 5, 612.

exempt from excommunication, 5, 614.

Mishlé Shualim, by Berachya ben Natronaï, 3, 560.

Mishna, the, code of the oral Law, the first, 2, 343, 354.

of Akiba, 2, 354.

treatise of, on proselytes, 2, 384.

of Meïr, 2, 439–40.

completed by Judah I, 2, 460.

divisions of, 2, 460.

style of, 2, 460.

authority of, 2, 461, 462.

not committed to writing, 2, 461, 608.

language of, 2, 461–2.

history of the compilation of, 2, 462.

supplements to, 2, 470.

impresses a legal character upon Judaism, 2, 471.

asserts the equivalence of all religious commands, 2, 472.

reward and punishment according to, 2, 472–3.

on the study of the Law, 2, 473–4.

spirituality of, 2, 474–5.

casuistry in, 2, 475–6.

not hostile to Christianity, 2, 476.

contains laws against intercourse with the heathen, 2, 476–8.

permits the heathen to glean, 2, 478.

completion of, ends the work of the Tanaites, 2, 478.

study of, pursued by the Palestinian Amoraim, 2, 489–90.

not of equal legal force throughout, 2, 493.

expounded by Rabba bar Nachmani, 2, 578.

as studied by Raba bar Joseph bar Chama, 2, 590–1.

amplifications and explanations of, arranged by Ashi, 2, 607–9. See Talmud, the.

translated into Arabic, 3, 237.

explained by Maimonides, 3, 451.

methodology of, by Gersonides, 4, 392.

translated into Latin, 5, 193.

См. также Устный закон; Талмуд; Таннаи.

Mishna, the, commentary on, by Maimonides, 3, 458–60, 492; 4, 60.

by Abraham ben David, 3, 399.

by Lipmann Heller, 4, 704.

by Obadiah di Bertinoro, 4, 704.

Mishna, Acharona, Akiba’s code, 2, 354.

Mishna di Rabbi Judah, the final code, 2, 461. See Mishna, the.

Mishna Rishona, the earliest code, 2, 343, 354.

“Mishne Torah,” the, religious code, by Maimonides, 3, 466–72.

clears the maze of the Talmud, 3, 466, 467, 468–9.

place given to philosophy in, 3, 467–8.

language of, 3, 469.

deviates occasionally from the Talmudic decisions, 3, 469.

on Talmudical Judaism, 3, 470.

helps to ossify Judaism, 3, 470.

spread of, 3, 471.

attacked by Talmudists, 3, 472.

criticised by Abraham ben David, 3, 490.

the basis of Moses of Coucy’s work, 3, 586.

adhered to in Spain, 4, 86.

Turim based on, 4, 88.

compared with Turim, 4, 89.

superseded by Turim, 4, 89–90.

Mishnic rules of interpretation used by Anan ben David, 3, 131.

Миср и Миср, Новый. См. Каир.

Mithnagdim, opponents of the Chassidim, 5, 392.

Mithridates, king of Pergamus, aided by Antipater, 2, 75.

Mithridates, king of Pontus, Pompey’s campaign against, 2, 62.

suicide of, 2, 65.

Смешанные браки. См. Межрелигиозные браки.

Mizpah, Samuel holds popular assemblies at, 1, 78.

fortified by Asa, 1, 191.

seat of Gedaliah, 1, 320, 321.

sanctuary at, 1, 321.

Gedaliah murdered at, 1, 322.

the inhabitants of, taken captive, 1, 322.

Judas Maccabæus exhorts his troops at, 1, 467.

Mizpeh, mountain, description of, 1, 45.

Мизрахи. См. Элиас Мизрахи.

Mizriczians, a branch of the Chassidim, 5, 388.

“Mizvoth,” a compendium of religious duties, by Abulsari Sahal ben Mazliach Kohen, 3, 204.

Mnevis, white bull, worshiped by the Egyptians, 1, 9.

Moabites, the, hostile to the Israelites in the desert, 1, 28.

idolatry of, 1, 55.

relations of, to the Israelites, 1, 56–9.

routed by Ehud, 1, 60–1.

subdued by David, 1, 125–6.

attracted to Palestine under Solomon, 1, 173.

regain independence, 1, 185.

tributary to Omri, 1, 194–5.

defeated by Jehoram and Jehoshaphat, 1, 208–9.

conquered by Jeroboam II, 1, 226.

urge revolt from Nebuchadnezzar upon Zedekiah, 1, 300.

allies of Nebuchadnezzar, 1, 314.

desirous of friendly relations with the Judæans, 1, 362.

as proselytes, 2, 343, 384.

Moabitis, invaded by Alexander Jannæus, 2, 44.

Moawiyah, Ommiyyade Caliph, rival of Ali, 3, 90.

tolerance of, 3, 110.

patron of learning, 3, 110.

Mocenigo, Luis, doge of Venice, proposes the expulsion of the Jews, 4, 600–1.

banishes the Jews, 4, 606.

Mocenigo, Pietro, doge of Venice, defends the Jews from the charge of child-murder, 4, 299.

Mochinger, John, mystic, addresses Manasseh ben Israel, 5, 24.

Mocho, John, Dominican, incites the mob against the Portuguese Marranos, 4, 487.

Модена. См. Лео бен Исаак Модена.

Modena, Jews beg for shelter in, 4, 660.

Mordecai of Eisenstadt in, 5, 209.

rabbi of, opposes the Reform movement, 5, 571.

Modestus, Patriarch at Jerusalem, demands the annihilation of the Jews of Palestine, 3, 22–3.

Modin, the home of the Maccabees, 1, 459.

Hasmonæan family mausoleum at, 2, 14.

Mohammed, sultan of Turkey, death of, 5, 634.

Mohammed El-Telli, opponent of the Damascus Jews, 5, 633.

employed as a spy by Ratti Menton, 5, 635, 636, 637–8.

Моиз. См. Меир.

Moisling, the Jews of, trade in Lübeck, 5, 506.

move to Lübeck, 5, 506.

Molcho, Solomon (Diogo Pires, 1501–1532), Marrano, royal secretary, Hebrew education of, 4, 495.

Messianic mysticism of, 4, 495–6.

undergoes circumcision, 4, 496, 499.

goes to Turkey, 4, 496.

among the Kabbalists, 4, 496–7.

longs for martyrdom, 4, 497.

as a preacher, 4, 497.

persecuted at Ancona, 4, 501.

at Pesaro, 4, 501.

appears in Rome in Messianic equipment, 4, 502.

vision of, concerning Rome, 4, 502.

in intercourse with Clement VII and Church dignitaries, 4, 503.

preaches at Rome, 4, 503–4.

announces an earthquake and a flood, 4, 504.

goes to Venice, 4, 504.

severs his relation with Reubeni, 4, 504.

poisoned, 4, 505.

influence of, against the Inquisition feared by Portugal, 4, 506.

denounced by Jacob Mantin, 4, 506–7.

sentenced to be burnt, 4, 507.

saved by Clement VII, 4, 507.

leaves Rome, 4, 507.

petitions Charles V to permit the Marranos to arm themselves against the Turks, 4, 509–10.

burnt at Mantua, 4, 510–11.

personality of, 4, 511.

enthusiasm for, 4, 511–12.

influence of, in Palestine, 4, 529–30.

influence of, on Joseph Karo, 4, 537.

a prey to Kabbalistic influences, 5, 233.

Mole, count, advises exceptional laws for the French Jews, 5, 479.

report of, not kindly received by Napoleon’s council, 5, 479.

imperial commissioner to the Assembly of Jewish Notables, 5, 485, 489.

announces Napoleon’s satisfaction with the Notables, 5, 492.

probably frames Napoleon’s Jewish law, 5, 498.

Moloch worship, under Manasseh, 1, 283.

under Jehoiakim, 1, 300.

Moloch Chammon, god of fire, altar to, in Samaria, 1, 197.

Moncado, Abraham de, Marrano in Pernambuco, 4, 693.

Moncalvo, French exiles settle in, 4, 177.

Moncilla, the Jews of, attacked at the instigation of Pedro Olligoyen, 4, 78.

Mongols (Tartars), the, devastate Jerusalem, 3, 605–6.

of Hungary, crusade against, 3, 614.

kingdom of, in Persia, 3, 637–8.

of the Persian khanate, conspire against Saad-Addaula, 3, 649.

“Moniteur,” the, publishes a history of the Jews, 5, 485–6.

Monobaz I, king of Adiabene, domestic relations of, 2, 216.

Monobaz II, regent of Adiabene, circumcised, 2, 217.

king, presents golden vessels to the Temple, 2, 219.

relatives of, aid Judæa against Rome, 2, 264.

Monopoli (Apulia), Isaac Abrabanel at, 4, 384.

Monotheism, belief held by Abraham, 1, 5.

Mons Judaicus, near Narbonne, 3, 35.

Монтальто, Элиас. См. Элиас Монтальто.

Montanists, the, persecuted by Leo the Isaurian, 3, 123–3.

Montefiore, Judith, accompanies her husband to Egypt, 5, 654.

Montefiore, Moses, acts in the Damascus affair, 5, 645.

appeal to, from Damascus, 5, 651.

sent to Egypt on the Damascus affair, 5, 651–2, 653.

dignity of, 5, 653.

sets out for Egypt, 5, 654, 657–8.

honors shown to, 5, 658–9.

supported by the English consul-general in Egypt, 5, 659.

audience of, with Mehmet Ali, 5, 659.

obtains a firman securing Turkish Jews against the blood accusation, 5, 662.

honors shown to, on his return from the East, 5, 667, 668.

obtains the removal of Tomaso’s tombstone, 5, 668.

received by Louis Philippe, 5, 668.

congratulated by Queen Victoria, 5, 669.

acknowledgment of the services of, 5, 669–72.

celebration of the return of, in London, 5, 670.

Montemar, marquis of, friend of Isaac Abrabanel, 4, 338.

Montesquieu, denounces the barbarous treatment of the Jews, 5, 336.

Montezinos, Antonio de (Aaron Levi), traveler, on the whereabouts of the Ten Tribes, 5, 30.

Monte-Zion street, occupied by the Jews of Palma, 4, 171.

Montiel, the battle of, Henry de Trastamare victorious at, 4, 126.

Montpellier, the Council of, omits all mention of Jews, 3, 508.

the Inquisition at, 3, 542.

Maimonides’ works burnt at, 3, 543.

Jewish physicians at, 3, 582, 583.

bigotry of Jewish scholars of, 4, 27.

synagogue of, sold, 4, 48.

Montpellier, the Jews of, prosperous in the twelfth century, 3, 395.

learning of, 3, 395.

influenced to oppose the study of science, 4, 29–30, 31–2.

refuse support to Abba-Mari, 4, 39, 40–1.

forced to wear badges, 4, 54.

Monzon, the Jews of, excommunicate the anti-Maimunists, 3, 537.

Moore, Dorothea, student of Hebrew literature, 5, 21.

Moravia, John of Capistrano in, 4, 258.

Polish fugitives in, 5, 16.

rabbis of, Poles, 5, 17.

the Sabbatian movement in, 5, 150, 208, 228.

exiles from Vienna settle in, 5, 172.

Jews under restrictions in, 5, 523.

rabbis of, oppose the Reform movement, 5, 571.

rabbis of, protest against the Brunswick rabbinical conference, 5, 682.

Moravia, the Jews of, suffer during the persecution instigated by Hartmann von Deggenburg, 4, 98.

urged to emigrate to Turkey, 4, 271.

submit questions to the Polish Talmudists, 4, 639.

outbursts against, during the Austrian War of Succession, 5, 251–2.

suspected of treason, 5, 252.

banished, 5, 252.

heavily taxed, 5, 508.

Mordecai of Eisenstadt, Sabbatian, preaching of, 5, 208.

gives himself out as the Messiah, 5, 208–9.

in Italy and Poland, 5, 209.

founds a Sabbatian sect, 5, 212.

Mordecai ben Hillel, Talmudist, martyrdom of, 4, 36.

Mordecai ben Joseph, of Avignon, obtains the abrogation of the law on Jew badges, 3, 612.

imprisoned for refusing to wear the badge, 3, 613.

Mordecai ben Nissan, writes on the history of Karaism, 4, 183–4.

Мордехай ибн-Альхарбия. См. Саад-ад-Даула.

Mordecai Jafa (1532–1612), supposed organizer of the Synod of the Four Countries, 4, 645.

draws up a religious code, 4, 645.

as rabbi in Poland, 4, 645.

Mordecai Zemach ben Gershon (Soncin), appeals to Pius IV for the return of the Jews to Prague, 4, 586–7.

Mordecai Zevi, father of Sabbataï, prosperous, 5, 119–20.

interested in Messianic speculations, 5, 120.

Morea, the, the Jews of, consider trading with Pesaro, 4, 579.

Sabbataï Zevi in, 5, 124.

Moreh, mountain, description of, 1, 44.

Море невухим. См. «Путеводитель растерянных».

Morenu, ordination of rabbis, enforced in Germany, 4, 134.

rabbi, title bestowed on Crémieux, 5, 668.

Moriah, Mount, the Jebusites settle on, 1, 114.

situated on the east side of Jerusalem, 1, 115, 119.

David sacrifices on, 1, 138.

site of the Temple, 1, 162.

Morillo, Miguel, inquisitor appointed by Sixtus IV, 4, 312, 314, 323.

censured by the pope, 4, 318.

Moriscos, the original Jewish inhabitants of Palestine, 4, 399.

“Morning Baptists,” name given to the Essenes, 2, 26.

Moro, Joseph (Philip), apostate, denounces the Talmud, 4, 564.

employed by Paul IV to annoy the Jews, 4, 581.

Morocco, taken by Abdulmumen, 3, 358.

the Jews of, emigrate or accept Islam, 3, 358–9.

embassy to, under Abraham Ibn-Alfachar, 3, 385.

forced converts emigrate to, 4, 179.

Spanish exiles in, 4, 389–90.

fortunes of the Jews of, 5, 168.

Morpurgo, Elijah, one of the Measfim, 5, 402.

Mortara case, the, 5, 701.

Morteira, Saul Levi (1596–1660), disciple of Elias Montalto, 4, 673.

instructor in the Talmud Torah of Amsterdam, 4, 681.

member of the first rabbinical college, 4, 682.

mediocrity of, 4, 682.

eulogizes Isaac de Castro-Tartas, 5, 32.

relations of, to Manasseh ben Israel strained, 5, 34.

imposes penance upon Uriel da Costa, 5, 63.

teacher of Spinoza, 5, 87, 88.

sits in judgment on Spinoza, 5, 92.

“Mosaic Law, The,” by John David Michaelis, 5, 359.

“Mosaic religion,” the, possibility of the development of, 5, 675, 676.

Moselle district, the, the Jews of, during the first crusade, 3, 300.

Moser, Moses, friend of Heine, informed of his conversion, 5, 551.

advises against the publication of the “Rabbi of Bacharach,” 5, 552.

founder of the Society for Culture, 5, 583.

staunchness of, 5, 587–8.

Moses, legislator and prophet, member of the tribe of Levi, 1, 12.

at the court of Pharaoh, 1, 13.

opposes injustice, 1, 13.

in Midian, 1, 14.

met by Aaron on Horeb, 1, 15.

the leader of Israel, 1, 17.

orders the punishment of the idolatrous Israelites in the desert, 1, 24.

teaches the Israelites, 1, 25.

forms the Council of Elders, 1, 25–6.

death of, 1, 30–1.

characterization of, 1, 30–1.

how regarded by the Essenes, 2, 28.

synagogue in Egypt attributed to, 3, 445.

prophetic faculty of, analyzed by Maimonides, 3, 483–4.

prophetic character of, denied by the philosophers, 4, 24.

the Sons of, Baruch Gad’s reports about, 5, 126.

characterized by Heine, 5, 553–5.

Moses, rabbi of Saxony, accused of using human blood, 4, 298.

Moses (Mesvi) of Baalbek, founder of a Karaite sect, 3, 158.

Moses de Cavarite, sheriff of Béziers, 3, 395.

Moses of Coucy (1200–1260), Tossafist, disciple of Judah Sir Leon, 3, 409.

alienates the French rabbis from Solomon of Montpellier, 3, 539.

exhorts the Jews of southern France and Spain, 3, 545–6.

ritual and ethical sermons by, 3, 546.

at the disputation with Donin, 3, 576, 578.

Bible commentary by, 3, 586.

Moses of Crete, a false Messiah, 2, 610–11.

Моше де Леон. См. Моше бен Шем Тов; Зоар.

Moses de Trani, disciple of Jacob Berab, rival of Joseph Karo, 4, 540.

appealed to on the question of trade with Ancona, 4, 580.

Moses of Trent, refuses to confess to ritual murder, 4, 298.

Moses ben Asher, Massoret, corrects copies of the Bible, 3, 207.

works of, criticised by Saadiah, 3, 207.

Moses ben Chanoch, emissary from Sora, taken captive, 3, 208.

wife of, drowned, 3, 208–9.

ransomed by the Cordova Jews, 3, 209.

reveals himself as a Talmudist, 3, 209.

chosen as rabbinical chief by the Cordova community, 3, 209.

founder of Judæo-Spanish culture, 3, 215.

protected by Chasdaï Ibn-Shaprut, 3, 228.

deference paid to, 3, 228.

title of, 3, 229.

functions of, 3, 229.

death of, 3, 229.

son of, 3, 229–30.

Moses ben Chasdaï Taku (1250–1290), Talmudist and anti-Maimunist, 3, 624–5, 626.

Moses ben Guthiel, head of the Speyer community, and forced converts, 3, 306.

Moses ben Isaac Alashkar, Spanish exile at Tunis, 4, 391.

Talmudist, Kabbalist, and Maimunist, 4, 392.

flees to Egypt, 4, 392, 393.

Moses ben Isaac (Gajo) da Rieti (1388–1451), physician and poet, versification of, 4, 230–1.

poems by, in the Italian liturgy, 4, 231.

mediocrity of, 5, 112.

Moses ben Israel Isserles (1520–1572), Talmudist, ancestry and attainments of, 4, 637.

commentator upon Karo’s code, 4, 637–8.

as an astronomer, 4, 638.

as a philosopher, 4, 638.

teacher of David Gans, 4, 638.

authority of, 4, 639.

disciples of, 4, 639.

Talmudist, 5, 4.

highest authority in Judaism in the seventeenth century, 5, 51.

Moses ben Jehuda Cohen, excommunicates the Anti-Maimunists, 3, 633.

Moses ben Joshua Narboni (Maëstro Vidal, 1300–1362), philosopher, 4, 87, 93–5.

writes commentaries on Maimonides and Averroes, 4, 94.

persecuted, 4, 94, 103.

religious philosophy of, 4, 94–5.

accused of heresy, 4, 342.

Moses ben Kalonymos (787), scholar, brought by Charlemagne to Mayence, 3, 143.

Moses ben Maimun (Abu-Amrun Musa ben Maimun Obaid Allah, Maimonides, 1135–1204), youth of, 3, 447.

a fugitive from the Almohades, 3, 447–8.

studies of, 3, 448–9.

character of, 3, 449–50.

purpose of, to expound Judaism, 3, 450–1.

work of, on the Jewish calendar, 3, 451.

explains the Mishna, 3, 451.

emigrates to Fez, 3, 451.

assumes Islam, 3, 451.

defends the pseudo-Mahometan Jews, 3, 454–6.

emigrates to Palestine, 3, 456.

brother of, dies, 3, 457.

as a physician, 3, 458.

completes his Mishna commentary, 3, 458; 4, 704.

on the science of the Mishna, 3, 458–9.

on tradition, 3, 459.

on the Sayings of the Fathers, 3, 459.

draws up a creed of thirteen articles, 3, 459–60.

reputation of, spread abroad by his disciples, 3, 460–1.

consoles the Yemen Jews for their forced conversion to Islam, 3, 462–4.

as rabbi of Cairo, 3, 465.

views of, on the Karaites, 3, 465.

abolishes the silent prayer, 3, 465–6.

completes the “Mishne-Torah,” 3, 466, 472.

physician to Saladin’s court, 3, 472–3.

as a medical writer, 3, 473.

refuses to become Richard I’s physician, 3, 474.

accused and acquitted of apostasy from Islam, 3, 474.

head of the Egyptian congregations, 3, 474.

rescues the Yemen Jews from persecution, 3, 474.

traduced by Samuel ben Ali, 3, 475.

on the doctrine of resurrection, 3, 475–6, 488.

correspondence of, with Samuel ben Ali, 3, 476–7.

attacked by Mar-Sacharya, 3, 477.

автор «Путеводителя растерянных», 3, 477–85.

philosophical work of, intended only for Jews, 3, 486.

weakness of the philosophy of, 3, 486–7.

reverence for, in southern France, 3, 488–9.

illness of, 3, 489.

attacked by Abraham ben David, 3, 490.

советует Самуилу ибн-Тиббону по поводу перевода «Путеводителя растерянных», 3, 490–1.

activity of, 3, 491.

describes the state of Talmud studies in the twelfth century, 3, 492.

opinion held by, of the Jews of Provence, 3, 492.

death of, 3, 492.

mourning for, 3, 492–3.

son of, 3, 493.

epitaph of, 3, 493.

effects of the death of, 3, 494–5.

no successor to, 3, 495–6.

philosophy of, non-Jewish, 3, 522.

rationalism of, 3, 523.

on the Agada, 3, 523.

attacked by Meïr ben Todros Abulafia, 3, 524–5.

attacked by Daniel ben Saadiah, 3, 525–6.

reverence for, in the East, 3, 526.

theories of, in France and Spain, 3, 526–7.

vilified by Solomon of Montpellier, 3, 528–9.

desires to bring Talmudic reasoning to a conclusion, 3, 532–3.

system of, opposed by Nachmani, 3, 533–4, 608.

works of, burnt in Montpellier, 3, 543.

defended by his son, 3, 545.

causes division in Judaism, 3, 546–7.

grandson of, 3, 620.

works of, used by Raymund Martin, 3, 622.

reverence for, in France and Spain, 3, 624.

denounced as a heretic by Moses Taku, 3, 624.

agitation against, by Solomon Petit, 3, 626–34.

philosophical writings of, influence the Italian Jews, 3, 629–30.

works of, excommunicated by Accho Kabbalists, 3, 631.

epitaph of, desecrated, 3, 631.

defended by his grandson, 3, 632–3.

censured by Todros Abulafia, 4, 2.

the religious philosophy of, induces the allegorization of the Scriptures, 4, 23.

works of, fall under the ban against science, 4, 40.

admired by Yedaya Bedaresi, 4, 43.

translation of the works of, for the Italian Jews, 4, 60.

described as a Kabbalist, 4, 74.

certain views of, opposed by Gersonides, 4, 93.

admired by Narboni, 4, 94.

authority of, questioned by Chasdaï Crescas, 4, 146, 192.

Isaac ben Sheshet’s view of, 4, 147.

the Messianic belief formulated by, 4, 149.

philosophy of, expounded by Profiat Duran, 4, 191.

accused of heresy by Shem Tob ben Joseph, 4, 197.

condemned by Kabbalists, 4, 239.

system of, expounded by Elias del Medigo, 4, 290.

defended by Moses ben Isaac Alashkar, 4, 392.

synagogue reform by, nullified, 4, 395.

philosophical writings of, condemned by Isaac Abrabanel, 4, 479.

on the preparation for the Messianic time, 4, 530.

on ordination in Palestine, 4, 531.

writings of, studied by Polish Jews in the sixteenth century, 4, 633.

studied by Spinoza, 5, 88.

influence of, on Mendelssohn, 5, 295.

deficient in historical sense, 5, 302.

influence of, on Erter, 5, 613.

philosophy of, explained by Munk, 5, 655.

См. также Антимаймонисты; Путеводитель растерянных; Маймонисты; Маймонистская полемика; «Мишне Тора».

Moses ben Nachman (Nachmani Gerundi, Ramban, Bonastruc de Porta, 1195–1270), devotion of, to the Talmud, 3, 531–2.

Talmudical commentaries of, 3, 532, 607–8.

opposition of, to Maimonides’ Talmudic and philosophic views, 3, 532–4.

inveighs against Abraham Ibn-Ezra, 3, 534.

denounces Aristotle, 3, 534.

not an opponent of philosophy, 3, 534–5.

view of, on the Agada, 3, 535, 599–600.

aided by the Kabbala, 3, 535.

aids the anti-Maimunists, 3, 536.

letter to, from Meïr Abulafia, 3, 537–8.

proposes a reconciliation between Maimunists and their opponents, 3, 539–40.

deplores Dominican interference in the Maimunist controversy, 3, 544.

a Kabbalist, 3, 556–7.

as an exegete, 3, 562.

invited to enter into a disputation with Pablo Christiani, 3, 598.

demands freedom of speech, 3, 598.

suggests three topics for discussion, 3, 599.

refutes the assertion that Jesus is the Messiah of the Talmud, 3, 599.

characterizes the true Messiah, 3, 600.

victorious over Pablo Christiani, 3, 601.

refutes the doctrine of the Trinity, 3, 601.

publishes a report of the Barcelona disputation, 3, 603–4.

charged with blasphemy against Christianity, 3, 603–4.

exiled, 3, 604.

protected by the king against the Dominicans, 3, 604–5.

goes to Jerusalem, 3, 605.

grief of, over Jerusalem, 3, 606–7.

transplants Jewish science to Palestine, 3, 607.

disciples of, 3, 607, 609, 626; 4, 28.

in correspondence with Spain, 3, 608.

death of, 3, 608.

influence of, 3, 609.

the discovery of the Zohar attributed to, 4, 20.

commentary of, used by Aaron ben Joseph, 4, 71.

introduces the Kabbala into Palestine, 4, 75.

predicts the beginning of the Messianic period, 4, 120.

ancestor of Solomon Duran, 4, 238.

views of, endorsed by Isaac Abrabanel, 4, 342.

exegesis of, praised by Reuchlin, 4, 442.

Moses ben Samuel Ibn-G’ikatilia, Biblical exegesis of, 3, 290, 393.

Moses ben Shem Tob (Moses de Leon, 1250–1305), Kabbalist, 4, 3, 10–11.

character of, 4, 11.

wanderings of, 4, 11.

forgery by, 4, 11–12.

attributes the Zohar to Simon ben Yochaï, 4, 12–14.

on the Messiah, 4, 18.

said to have obtained the Zohar through Nachmani, 4, 20.

death of, 4, 20.

wife of, reveals his forgery, 4, 20–1.

Moses Ibn-Ezra (Abu-Harun, 1070–1139), poet, elegy by, on Alfassi, 3, 310.

and Joseph Ibn-Sahal, 3, 314.

parentage of, 3, 318–19.

early history of, 3, 319.

compared with Solomon Ibn-Gebirol, 3, 319.

style of, 3, 319–20.

song cycle by, 3, 320.

liturgical poems by, 3, 320.

on the poetic art, 3, 320.

as a philosopher, 3, 320.

contemporary fame of, 3, 321.

elegy by, on his lady-love, 3, 321.

tribute to, by Jehuda Halevi, 3, 321.

friendship of, with Jehuda Halevi, 3, 323.

and Abraham Ibn-Ezra, 3, 367.

Moses Ibn-Tibbon (1250–1285), physician in Montpellier, 3, 582.

Moses Ibn-Yachya, philanthropist, 4, 609.

Moses Abudiel, prominent at the court of Alfonso XI of Castile, 4, 84, 86.

institutes a fast, 4, 85.

Moses Almosnino, scientist in Salonica, 4, 405.

preacher, as historian of Turkey, 4, 607–8.

Moses Bashyasi, Karaite, permits lights on the Sabbath, 4, 269.

Moses Basula, elegy on, by Leo Modena, 5, 65.

Moses Botarel, Kabbalist, announces himself as the Messiah, 4, 197.

Moses Cohen de Tordesillas, Jewish champion at the disputation of Avila, 4, 141.

debates with a disciple of Alfonso Burgensis, 4, 141–2.

Моше Герунденсис. См. Моше бен Нахман.

Моше Хамон. См. Хамон, Моше.

Moses Iskafat Meles, opponent of science, 4, 44–5.

Moses Kapsali (1420–1495), chief rabbi of Turkey, dignities and functions of, 4, 268–9.

opinion of, on the study of the Talmud by Karaites, 4, 270–1.

raises money for the relief of the Spanish exiles, 4, 364.

death of, 4, 402.

Moses Kimchi (1170–1190), grammarian and exegete, 3, 393.

grammar of, printed by Justiniani, 4, 474.

Moses Meïr Kamenker, Sabbatian, spreads Sabbatianism, 5, 228–9.

doctrines of, 5, 229.

regarded as the Messiah, 5, 230.

sentence pronounced on, 5, 230.

Moses Menz, Talmudist, in Posen, 4, 294.

Moses Navarro, chief rabbi of Portugal, 4, 173.

Moses Uri Halevi (1544–1620), advises the Portuguese Marranos to go to Amsterdam, 4, 665.

teacher and rabbi of the Marranos, 4, 665.

imprisoned, 4, 666.

activity of, 4, 671.

Moses Vital, sells Isaac Lurya’s manuscripts, 5, 53.

Moses Zacuto (1630–1697), Kabbalist, pupil of the Amsterdam Talmud Torah, 4, 682.

mysticism of, 5, 87–8.

encourages the Sabbatian movement in Venice, 5, 138.

superstition of, 5, 201–2.

Моше Вейль. См. Вейль, Моше.

Moses Zarzel, physician to Henry III of Castile, Spanish poet, 4, 190.

Moslems, disciples of Mahomet, 3, 73. See Mahometans, the.

Mostarabi, the, the original Jewish community in Egypt, ruled by the Spanish exiles, 4, 395.

Mosul (New Nineveh), the Jews of, in the twelfth century, 3, 429–30.

ignorance of, 3, 430.

invited by Alrui to join him, 3, 431.

“Mourners of Zion,” the, 1, 338; 3, 182, 362, 437.

Mourning, signs of, decreed under Hadrian, 2, 400, 420.

Mourning customs, regulated by Gamaliel II, 2, 404.

abolished in the time of Judah II, 2, 484–5.

Mozarabs, the, Christians living among Mahometans, lose their identity, 3, 215.

conspire against the Mahometans of Granada, 3, 316.

Moznaim, grammatical work by Abraham Ibn-Ezra, 3, 371.

Mucate, Jacob, Marrano in Pernambuco, 4, 693.

Mucianus, Licinius, governor of Syria, under Nero, 2, 284.

won over to Vespasian’s side, 2, 300.

Mujahid, prince of Denia, patron of Yizchaki, 3, 273.

Muley Abu-Abdallah (Boabdil), last king of Granada, secret treaty of, with Ferdinand and Isabella, 4, 345.

goes to Africa, 4, 345.

Muley Arshid, sultan of Morocco, oppresses the Jews, 5, 168.

Muley Ismail, sultan of Morocco, patron of the Jews, 5, 168.

Müller, Adam, reactionary leader, 5, 477.

representative of the romantic school, 5, 516.

Müller, Johannes von, Swiss historian, on the emancipation of the Jews, 5, 359.

assists in framing the Westphalian constitution, 5, 500.

Mulot, Abbé, president of the Assembly of the Paris Commune, on the emancipation of the Jews, 5, 443–4, 445.

Munich, the Jews of, charged with the blood accusation, 3, 636–7.

perish during the Black Death persecutions, 4, 110.

Munk, Solomon (1802–1867), scholar, accompanies Crémieux to Egypt, 5, 658.

discovers Mehmet Ali’s subterfuge, 5, 660.

exhorts the Egyptian Jews to establish schools, 5, 663.

establishes schools in Cairo, 5, 664.

reconciles Karaites with Rabbanites, 5, 664.

character and learning of, 5, 664–5.

Arabic attainments of, 5, 665.

blindness of, 5, 665.

studies of, on the Jewish Middle Ages, 5, 665–6.

Karaite studies of, 5, 666.

scientific results of the Eastern trip of, 5, 666.

on the Damascus affair, 5, 671–2.

expounds Jewish religious philosophy, 5, 699.

Münster, Sebastian, prosecutes Hebrew studies, 4, 434.

translates Elias Levita’s Hebrew grammar, 4, 472.

Murad III, son of Selim II, becomes sultan, 3, 627.

gives Joseph Nassi land near the Sea of Tiberias, 4, 596.

confiscates Joseph Nassi’s property, 4, 628.

influence of Jewish women under, 4, 629.

Murad el Fallat, Turkish servant of a Damascus Jew, tortured, 5, 637, 638.

Murcia, embassy to, under Solomon Ibn-Farussal, 3, 312.

the Jews of, taxed under Sancho, 3, 617.

Murder, laws against, inviolate under all circumstances, 2, 424.

Murex, a dye, 1, 3.

Murviedro, the Jews of, spared in the persecution of 1391, 4, 171.

Musa (Mesvi) of Akbara, founds a Karaite sect, 3, 157.

Musaphia, Benjamin (Dionysius, 1616–1676), physician to Christian IV of Denmark, 4, 692.

philologist and rabbi, 5, 115.

unaffected by Spinoza’s attack upon Judaism, 5, 117.

Sabbatian, 5, 139.

sends a letter of homage to Sabbataï Zevi, 5, 155.

clings to Sabbataï after his apostasy, 5, 161.

Mushka, a Judghanite, tries to force rationalistic doctrines upon the Jews, 3, 150.

Mustapha Pasha, deputy vizir, cross-examines Sabbataï Zevi, 5, 147.

Sabbataï betrayed to, 5, 153.

Mutafarrica, the, Turkish life guard, Joseph Nassi a member of, 4, 595.

Mutazilists, (heretics), the, the theology of, 3, 147.

method of, borrowed by Saadiah, 3, 197.

teachings of, foster unbelief, 3, 199.

Muza Ibn-Nosair, governor of Africa, aided by the Jews of Spain, 3, 109.

Mylitta, Assyrian goddess of love, worshiped in Israel, 1, 247.

image of, in the Temple under Manasseh, 1, 282.

temple of, in Philistia, burnt, 1, 287.

Mysticism, in Judaism, 3, 152–4.

denounced by Haï Gaon, 3, 251–2.

См. Каббала.

Mytilene, the Jews of, in the twelfth century, 3, 424.

Н

Naamah, first wife of Solomon, 1, 161.

Naaman, Syrian general, confesses the God of Israel, 1, 224.

Naar, Isaac, mystic, companion of Spinoza, 5, 88.

induces Spinoza to betray his unbelief, 5, 92.

Sabbatian, 5, 139.

prepares to join Sabbataï Zevi, 5, 150.

encourages the Sabbatian movement in Italy, 5, 160.

Наарда. См. Нахардея.

Naasites, a Gnostic sect, 2, 375.

Nabathæans (Nabatæans), the, contributions levied on, by Hyrcanus, 1, 437.

dispossess the Idumæans, 1, 474; 2, 8.

friendly to the Hasmonæans, 1, 491.

См. также Арета; Малих; Обеда.

Nabonad, a Babylonian noble, usurps the throne, 1, 342.

permits native kings to rule Phœnicia, 1, 342.

entreated to permit the return to Palestine, 1, 342–3.

ally of Lydia and Egypt, 1, 343.

persecutes the Judæans, 1, 343–4.

indifferent about the war with Cyrus, 1, 349.

Nabopolassar, of Babylon, independent of Assyria, 1, 296.

puts an end to Assyria, 1, 303.

Naboth, killed at the instigation of Jezebel, 1, 202.

avenged, 1, 211.

Nachman ben Isaac (280–356), Amora, principal of the Pumbeditha academy, 2, 593.

Nachman ben Jacob (235–324), Amora, 2, 545.

summons Judah ben Ezekiel to justify his conduct, 2, 552.

haughtiness of, 2, 554–5.

treats his slaves inhumanly, 2, 555.

introduces the oath of purgation, 2, 556.

establishes a school at Shekan-Zib, 2, 557.

Nachman ben Samuel Levi, Frankist rabbi, 5, 275.

Нахмани. См. Моше бен Нахман.

Nachshon ben Zadok (881–889), Gaon of Sora, explains difficult Talmudical words, 3, 179.

discovers the key to the calendar, 3, 179.

Nachum of Gimso, teacher of the Law, supplements Hillel’s rules of interpretation, 2, 330–1.

teacher of Akiba, 2, 351.

Nachum the Mede, teacher of the Law at the fall of Jerusalem, 2, 330.

Nadab, king of Israel, at war with the Philistines, 1, 189.

death of, 1, 189.

Nagid, title of Samuel Ibn-Nagrela, 3, 259.

of Joseph Ibn-Nagrela, 3, 274.

of Abu Mansur Samuel ben Chananya, 3, 340.

См. также Наси.

Nagid (Reïs), chief of the Egyptian Jews, authority of, 3, 443; 4, 392.

functions and privileges of, 4, 393–4.

office of, abolished, 4, 394.

См. также Наси.

Nahardea, a district of Jewish Babylonia, 2, 505.

Nahardea (city), treasure house in, for the half-Shekel contribution to the Temple, 2, 53.

Judæan center for Mesopotamia, 2, 202.

center for the study of the Law, 2, 358.

boundary of Babylonia in the most limited sense, 2, 504.

a Babylonian Jerusalem, 2, 505.

destroyed by Odenathus, 2, 527.

the Amoraim of, flee, 2, 527–8.

homage paid at, to the Exilarchs, 2, 607.

Nahardea, the academy of, beginning of, 2, 498–9.

the principal of, 2, 512.

eclipsed by that of Sora, 2, 522.

re-opened, 2, 606.

Нахардея, академия, главы, список:

Амемар,

Самуил,

Шила.

Nahar Malka, a canal in Babylonia, 2, 507.

Naharowan, the Exilarch’s income from, 3, 96.

Nahar-Pakod, a Synhedrion established at, 2, 443–4.

a district of Jewish Babylonia, 2, 505.

Nahar-Samara, Ezra’s supposed grave at, 3, 441.

Nahash, king of Ammon, invades the territories of Gad and Manasseh, 1, 80.

besieges Jabesh-Gilead, 1, 89–90.

in friendly relations with David, 1, 100.

death of, 1, 126.

Нахавенди, Биньямин. См. Биньямин бен Моше из Нахавенда.

Najara, prince of, converted to Christianity, 3, 56.

Najaran, in Yemen, inhabited by Christians, 3, 64.

besieged by Zorah Yussuf, 3, 65.

heavy tribute laid on, 3, 65.

Christians of, driven away, 3, 85.

Nancy, the Jews of, threatened with pillage, 5, 440.

compelled to attend the National Temple, 5, 451.

Naphtali (mountain), description of, 1, 44.

Naphtali (town), returned to Ahab, 1, 205.

Naphtali, the tribe of, acquires land in the north, 1, 37.

members of, join Gideon, 1, 62.

mountainous lands of, subjugated, 1, 191.

descendants of, near Nishabur, 3, 433.

Naples, Jews in, in the sixth century, 3, 28.

Jewish printing house in, 4, 289.

the Spanish exiles in, 4, 358–61.

the plague in, 4, 359–60.

conquered by Charles VIII of France, 4, 360.

occupied by the French, 4, 384.

the Inquisition established at, 4, 385.

Samuel II Abrabanel at, 4, 409, 410.

the Marranos of, threatened with the Inquisition, 4, 543.

Naples, the Jews of, support Theodatus, 3, 31–2.

defend the city, 3, 32.

bravery of, described by Procopius, 3, 32.

in the twelfth century, 3, 422, 424.

wear Jew badges, 3, 518; 4, 258.

help the Spanish exiles, 4, 359.

banishment of, opposed by Gonsalvo de Cordova, 4, 385.

annihilated, 4, 408.

leave the city, 4, 543–4.

Napoleon Bonaparte, victories of, in the East, 5, 459–60.

at the summit of his power, 5, 474.

dislikes the Jews, 5, 474, 476–7.

lays the Jewish question before his council, 5, 479.

opposes the Jews in his council, 5, 480.

modifies his views on the Jews, 5, 481.

conceives the idea of convening Jewish notables, 5, 481–2.

expresses satisfaction with the Jewish Notables, 5, 490, 492.

proposes the convening of a Synhedrion, 5, 493.

unmindful of the Synhedrion, 5, 496.

resolutions of the Synhedrion submitted to, 5, 498.

Jewish legislation by, 5, 498–9.

creates new states, 5, 500.

the Russian campaign of, 5, 510.

fall of, 5, 510–11.

return of, from Elba, 5, 518.

Napoleon III, emperor, protests in the Mortara case, 5, 701.

Napoleonic wars, the, awaken a desire for culture in Galicia, 5, 611, 612.

Naraga, canal near Nahardea, 2, 505.

Narbata, the Judæans of Cæsarea flee to, 2, 253.

Нарбони. См. Моше бен Иехошуа Нарбони.

Narbonne (city), the Jews of, expelled by Wamba, 3, 105.

Machir founds a Talmud school at, 3, 143.

Talmud study in, encouraged by Nathan ben Isaac Kohen, 3, 208.

the Talmud school of, 3, 242.

Abraham Ibn-Ezra at, 3, 374.

principal Jewish community of southern France in, 3, 392.

home of the Kimchi family, 3, 392.

the Jews of, excommunicate Solomon of Montpellier, 3, 530.

the archbishop of, presides over the Council of Béziers, 3, 581.

Narbonne, the Council of, forbids Psalm singing at Jewish funeral services, 3, 47.

confirms the decrees of the Fourth Lateran Council, 3, 518.

Narbonne (province), Jews in, in the sixth century, 3, 35.

Narbonne (province), the Jews of, enjoy equality under the early Visigoths, 3, 45.

punished for conspiring against Egica, 3, 108.

the possessions of, presented to the Church, 3, 175.

Narcissus, favorite of Claudius, opposes Agrippa II, 2, 196.

Nares, a district of Jewish Babylonia, 2, 505.

an academy founded in, 2, 593.

Narol, the Jews of, massacred by the Cossacks, 5, 11.

Nasas, Jewish family name in Palermo, 3, 28.

synagogue erected by, razed, 3, 33–4.

Nassi, the family of, traces descent from David, 3, 43.

См. Мендес, Диогу; Франсишку; Грасия; и Наси, Иосиф; Рейна; Самуил.

Nassi, Joseph (João Miques), nephew of Gracia Mendesia, favorite of Maria of the Netherlands, 4, 572.

reported to have fled to Venice, 4, 573.

intercedes with the sultan for Gracia Mendesia, 4, 574.

brings Gracia Mendesia to Constantinople, 4, 577.

marries Reyna Nassi, 4, 577.

in favor with Sultan Solyman, 4, 577, 594.

beneficence of, 4, 577.

gives up the trade with Ancona, 4, 579–80.

power of, 4, 594.

partisan of Selim, 4, 595.

member of the Mutafarrica, 4, 595.

denounced by the European ambassadors, 4, 595.

given a tract of land near the Sea of Tiberias, 4, 596, 610.

antagonized by Mahomet Sokolli, 4, 596.

made duke of Naxos, 4, 596.

titles of, 4, 596.

negotiates with Ferdinand I, 4, 597.

seizes French merchant vessels, 4, 597.

traduced by Daud, 4, 598.

clears himself of the charges made by Daud, 4, 599.

incites a war with Venice, 4, 600.

appealed to, by European sovereigns, 4, 601–2.

head of a Turkish party, 4, 602.

hopes to found a Jewish state, 4, 610–11.

rebuilds Tiberias, 4, 610–11.

influence of, not permanent, 4, 611.

supplanted by Mahomet Sokolli, 4, 627.

death of, 4, 627.

property of, confiscated, 4, 628.

Nassi, Reyna, reported to have fled to Venice, 4, 573.

the son of Moses Hamon sues for, 4, 575.

betrothed to Joseph Nassi, 4, 577.

sets up a Hebrew printing press, 4, 628.

Nassi, Samuel, nephew of Gracia Mendesia, 4, 577.

moves to Constantinople, 4, 581.

Nassi, the, of the Great Council, a Pharisee, 2, 49.

Nassi, name of the intercalary month in a lunar leap year, 3, 59.

Nassi, prince, title of the president of the Synhedrion, 2, 334.

of Isaac Ibn-Albalia, 3, 283.

of Jehuda Ibn-Ezra, 3, 361.

(Reïs), of the chief rabbi of the Cairo Karaites, 3, 444.

См. также Нагид.

Nassir Mahomet (1299–1341), Mameluke sultan, the Jews of Palestine under, 4, 73.

Naszi-Beth-Ab, the head of the oldest family of a tribe, 1, 122.

Nathan, the house of, junior branch of the house of David, power of, 1, 249.

Nathan, president of the school of Cordova, corrected by Moses ben Chanoch, 3, 209, 217.

Nathan, prophet, and David, 1, 113.

rebukes David, 1, 132–3.

parable by, 1, 133.

forbids David to build a temple, 1, 150–1.

opposed to Adonijah, 1, 153.

anoints Solomon, 1, 153.

Nathan, sheriff of Béziers, 3, 395.

Nathan, son-in-law of Abba-Areka, Exilarch, 2, 544.

Nathan the Babylonian, vice-president of the Synhedrion at Usha, 2, 434, 445.

teacher of the Law in Judæa, 2, 442–3.

ambassador from Simon II, 2, 443–4.

conspires against Simon II, 2, 445.

proposed for the Patriarchate, 2, 445.

expelled from the Synhedrion, 2, 445.

at peace with Simon II, 2, 446.

the last of the Tanaites, 2, 462.

“Nathan the Wise,” by Lessing, Mendelssohn the hero of, 5, 323.

story and characters of, 5, 323–5.

effect produced by, 5, 326–7.

Nathan bar Assa, disciple of Joseph ben Chiya, 2, 582.

Nathan ben Isaac Kohen, emissary from Sora, settles at Narbonne, 3, 208.

founder of true Talmud study in Narbonne, 3, 242.

Nathan ben Yechiel, of Rome, compiler of a Talmudic lexicon, 3, 290, 421.

Nathan ben Yehudaï, titular Gaon of Sora, 3, 192.

Nathan Benjamin Levi (Ghazati, 1644–1680), studies of, 5, 130.

marriage of, 5, 130.

follower of Sabbataï Zevi, 5, 130–1.

professes to be Elijah, 5, 131.

Messianic speculations of, 5, 131–2.

proclaims Gaza the Holy City, 5, 132.

spreads abroad the Messiah’s fame, 5, 137.

addresses circulars to Amsterdam and Hamburg, 5, 138–9.

continues to proclaim Sabbataï as the Messiah after his apostasy, 5, 157.

excommunicated, 5, 157, 159.

joins Sabbataï Zevi at Adrianople, 5, 158–9.

in Salonica, the Greek Islands, and Italy, 5, 160, 161.

death of, 5, 161–2.

Nathan Nata, father of Jonathan Eibeschütz, 5, 246.

Nathaniel (Abul Barkat Hibat-Allah ben Malka), physician in Bagdad, apostate, 3, 442.

writes a commentary on Ecclesiastes, 3, 442.

Nathaniel (Hibat-Allah Ibn-Aljami), physician, Nagid of the Egyptian Jews, 3, 443.

Nathaniel Ibn-Almali, physician, translator of Maimonides’ Mishna commentary, 4, 60.

National Assembly, the Batavian, Jews keep aloof from, 5, 454.

petitioned to emancipate the Jews, 5, 455.

deputies to, oppose the emancipation of the Jews, 5, 455–6.

establishes the emancipation of the Jews, 5, 456.

Jewish deputies to, 5, 458.

agrees to protect Dutch Jews in Germany, 5, 458.

National Assembly, the French, champions of the Jews in, 5, 435.

deputies to, instructed to attack the Jews, 5, 436.

addressed on the subject of outrages upon Jews, 5, 437.

Jewish deputies to, 5, 438.

religious freedom discussed in, 5, 439.

the Jewish question before, 5, 439–441.

passes an equivocal resolution on the Jewish question, 5, 442.

action of, objected to by the Bordeaux Jews, 5, 442.

the emancipation of the Paris Jews demanded of, 5, 445.

discusses finances, 5, 446.

emancipates the Jews of France, 5, 448.

National Guard, the French, joined by Jews, 5, 438.

Jewish members of, petition the Paris Commune, 5, 443.

Natkes, Galician scholar, excommunicated, 5, 614.

style of, 5, 617.

Natronaï ben Chabibaï, pretender to the Exilarchate, 3, 137.

Natronaï ben Nehemiah (Mar-Yanka, 719–730), principal of the Pumbeditha academy, on Serene’s adherents, 3, 121–2.

Natronaï II, son of Hillaï (859–869), Gaon of Sora, corresponds in Arabic, 3, 178.

opposes the Karaites, 3, 178.

Naturalization Act, the, for the Jews of England, 5, 337–8.

Navarre, the Spanish exiles in, 4, 352, 357–8.

Navarre, the Jews of, in the twelfth century, 3, 384.

take part in the Maimunist controversy, 3, 536.

letter to, denouncing Solomon of Montpellier, 3, 544.

hated in the fourteenth century, 4, 76.

feeling against, aroused by Pedro Olligoyen, 4, 77–8.

under Philip III, 4, 78.

settle in Aragon, 4, 142.

Navigation, pursued by the Burgundian Jews, 3, 35.

by the Jews of Tyre, 3, 426.

Naxos, to be given to Joseph Nassi, 4, 596.

Joseph Nassi made duke of, 4, 596.

as a Jewish, state, 4, 611.

Nazarenes, the, a sect of the early Christians, 2, 168, 370.

take advantage of the leaning towards Judaism, 2, 219.

increased by Essenes and Greek Judæans, 2, 219.

persecuted by Paul, 2, 222.

proselytize the Judæans in the Greek cities, 2, 222.

in Antioch and Damascus, 2, 222–3.

joined by Paul, 2, 226.

displeased with Paul, 2, 230.

separate wholly from the Jews, 2, 371–2.

revile Judaism, 2, 371–2.

disappearance of, 2, 373.

merged into the Catholic Church, 2, 500.

imprecation of, in the Jewish prayer book, 4, 83.

См. также Иудеохристиане; Иудейские христиане.

Nazareth, birthplace of Jesus, 2, 148, 149.

Jesus successful in, 2, 153.

first church at, 2, 565.

inhabited by Jews in the sixth century, 3, 12.

the Jews of, join Sharbarza, 3, 19.

Nazarite practices, under Simon the Just, 1, 422.

Neander, Augustus, church historian, declares the groundlessness of the blood accusation, 5, 650.

Неаполис. См. Шхем.

Neapolitanus, deputy of Cestius Gallus in Jerusalem, 2, 257.

Nebuchadnezzar, king of Babylonia, beginning of the career of, 1, 303–4.

Jehoiakim the vassal of, 1, 306.

besieges Tyre, 1, 306, 307.

ravages Judah, 1, 306.

takes Judah, 1, 307.

generals of, besiege Jerusalem, 1, 307.

banishes Jehoiakim, 1, 307.

makes Zedekiah king, 1, 308.

subdues Judah, 1, 311.

besieges Jerusalem, 1, 311–14.

defeats Apries, 1, 313.

generals of, take Jerusalem, 1, 313–14.

beheads the dignitaries of Jerusalem at Riblah, 1, 314.

blinds and exiles Zedekiah, 1, 315.

appoints Gedaliah over the Palestinian Judæans, 1, 319.

punishes the murder of Gedaliah, 1, 325.

treats the Babylonian Judæans kindly, 1, 329–30.

death of, 1, 331.

Nebuzaradan, chief of Nebuchadnezzar’s guard, charged to destroy Jerusalem, 1, 315.

entrusts Zedekiah’s daughters to Gedaliah, 1, 319.

exiles the last remnant of Judah, 1, 325.

Necho, king of Egypt, defeats Josiah, 1, 296–7.

makes Jehoiakim king, 1, 299.

exacts tribute from Judah, 1, 299.

Nechunya, abettor of Chananya at Nahar-Pakod, 2, 443, 444.

Nechunya ben Hakana, teacher of the Law, adherent of Hillel’s methods, 2, 331.

reputed author of a Kabbalistic manuscript, 3, 556.