«История евреев. Том 6»

prays for Bethar, 2, 417.

accused as a spy, 2, 417–18.

Eleazar ben Ananias, leader of the Zealots, 2, 256.

brings about the rupture with Rome, 2, 258–9.

relations of, to the leader of the Sicarii, 2, 260–1.

destroys the Roman garrison of Jerusalem, 2, 261.

disinterestedness of, 2, 261.

governor of Idumæa, 2, 270.

Eleazar ben Arach, disciple of Jochanan ben Zakkai, 2, 324, 326.

tries to establish a school at Emmaus, 2, 334.

Eleazar ben Azariah, president of the Synhedrion, 2, 342.

vice-president of the Synhedrion, 2, 345.

and Flavius Clemens, 2, 387, 389, 392.

influence of, on Nerva, 2, 392.

Eleazar ben Dinai, Zealot leader, 2, 238.

exterminates the Samaritans of Acrabatene, 2, 243.

Eleazar ben Jacob, disciple of Akiba, 2, 433.

Eleazar ben Jair, grandson of Judas of Galilee, leader of the Sicarii, 2, 239.

flees from Jerusalem, 2, 261.

commander of Masada, 2, 292, 316.

Eleazar ben Jehuda (Rokeach), Kabbalist, at the Mayence synod, 3, 517.

Eleazar ben Joel Halevi (Abi-Ezri), Talmudist, at the Mayence synod, 3, 517.

Eleazar ben Joseph of Chinon, martyr, 4, 49.

Eleazar ben Joseph (ben Chalafta), accompanies Simon ben Jochai to Rome, 2, 449.

Eleazar ben Kalir, the greatest of the poetans, 3, 116–17, 245.

poetry of, rugged, 3, 223.

Eleazar ben Poira, Pharisee, reproves John Hyrcanus, 2, 32.

Eleazar ben Shamua, teacher of Judah I, 2, 451.

Eleazar ben Simon, Zealot leader, treasurer of the Temple, 2, 270–1, 301.

opposed to the Synhedrion, 2, 293–4.

Eleazar ben Simon (ben Jochai), reproaches the Samaritans with having altered the Law, 2, 457.

denounces Jewish freebooters to the Romans, 2, 464–5.

Eleazar Chasma, in the Jamnia Synhedrion, 2, 357.

Eleazar Hawran, son of Mattathias the Hasmonæan, 1, 459.

death of, 1, 479.

Элазар. См. также под заголовками Элеазар и Элиэзер.

Eleazer, commander of Machærus, 2, 315.

Eleazer ben Nathan of Mayence, at the first rabbinical synod, 3, 377.

Eleazer ben Simon of Cologne, at the first rabbinical synod, 3, 377.

Элеазар. См. также под заголовками Элазар и Элиэзер.

Elegabalus, emperor, vices of, 2, 468.

relations of, to the Jews, 2, 469–70.

Elesbaa (Atzbaha), king of Ethiopia, at war with the Jewish king of Yemen, 3, 66.

Elhanan, of Bethlehem, Israelite champion under David, 1, 117.

Eli, judge, characterization of, 1, 69.

inveighs against idolatry, 1, 70.

sons of, 1, 70.

death of, 1, 71.

grandson of, 1, 79.

descendants of, murdered by Saul, 1, 100.

descendants of, inhabit Mamal, 2, 575.

Элия. См. Мар-Элия.

Eliakim, in Speyer, Rashi’s Talmud teacher, 3, 286.

Eliakim, son of Hilkiah, made Sochen, 1, 272.

Эльяким. См. Йехояким.

Eliam, father of Bathsheba, 1, 133.

Eliano, Victor, grandson of Elias Levita, apostate, 4, 564.

defames the Talmud, 4, 583.

editor of the Cremona Zohar, 4, 584.

Elias of London, chief rabbi of England, 3, 588.

asks permission for the Jews to leave England, 3, 590–1.

deposed, 3, 591.

Elias del Medigo (Cretensis, 1463–1498), philosopher, 4, 289, 290–3.

classical culture of, 4, 290.

teacher of Pico di Mirandola, 4, 290–1.

umpire chosen by the University of Padua, 4, 291.

public lecturer on philosophy, 4, 291.

denounces the Kabbala, 4, 292; 5, 78.

views of, on the Talmud and religion, 4, 292–3.

character of the influence of, 4, 293.

hostility to, 4, 293.

and Judah Menz, 4, 295.

disciple of, 4, 386.

sons and relatives of, leaders in Canea, 4, 406.

descendant of, 5, 75.

Elias ben Elkanah Kapsali (1490–1555), rabbi at Canea, and Judah Delmedigo, 4, 406.

as an historian, 4, 406–7.

style of, 4, 557.

Elias Chendali, husband of Esther Kiera, 4, 629.

Элиас Кретенсис. См. Элия Дель Медиго.

Elias Halevi, Rabbanite teacher of Karaites, 4, 270.

Elias Levita (1468–1549), grammarian, teacher of Christians, 4, 471, 507.

pupils of, 4, 472.

publishes a Hebrew grammar, 4, 472.

mediocrity of, 4, 472.

on the accents and vowel signs, 4, 472–3.

declines to go to France, 4, 473–4.

establishes a Hebrew press at Isny, 4, 474.

grandchildren of, apostates, 4, 564.

Elias Mizrachi (1455–1526), rabbi of Constantinople, character and attainments of, 4, 402–3.

feud of, with the Karaites, 4, 403.

protects the Karaites, 4, 403–4.

Elias Montalto, physician, employed by Christians, 4, 653.

dissuades Paul de Pina from becoming a monk, 4, 670.

buried at Ouderkerk, 4, 672–3.

physician to Maria de Medici, 4, 673.

Eliashib, high priest, countenances marriages between Judæans and Samaritans, 1, 362.

in friendly communication with the Samaritans, 1, 383.

dismissed by Nehemiah, 1, 385.

Eliezer ben Hyrcanus, disciple of Jochanan ben Zakkai, 2, 326.

teacher of the Law at Lydda, 2, 335.

opposes decisions by the Bath-Kol, 2, 338.

brother-in-law of Gamaliel II, 2, 339.

excommunicated, 2, 339–40, 347–8.

devotion of, to tradition, 2, 346–7, 356.

called Sinai, 2, 347.

opposed to Gamaliel II, 2, 347.

end of, 2, 348.

ban removed from, 2, 350.

supposed teacher of Akiba, 2, 351.

and the Jewish Christians, 2, 370.

on the admission of proselytes, 2, 384.

and Akylas, 2, 385.

mourns for Gamaliel II, 2, 404.

condemns the instruction of women in the Law, 2, 474.

compared with Chanina bar Chama, 2, 491.

Eliezer Kapsali, Rabbanite teacher of Karaites, 4, 270.

Элиэзер. См. также под заголовками Элазар и Элеазар.

Elijah, the Tishbite, prophet, character of, 1, 199.

a Nazarite, 1, 200.

disciples of, 1, 200.

rebukes Ahab, 1, 202–3.

announces a famine, 1, 203.

assembles the priests of Baal, 1, 203–4.

flees from Jezebel, 1, 204.

instructed to anoint Jehu, 1, 204.

chooses Elisha as his successor, 1, 207.

prophesies the death of Ahaziah, 1, 207.

disappears, 1, 207.

result of the activity of, 1, 208.

precursor of the Messiah, 2, 143.

in the Zohar, 4, 12, 16.

Elijah, disciples of, Nazarites, 1, 200.

persecuted by Jezebel, 1, 201.

saved by Obadiah, 1, 201.

on Mount Carmel, 1, 203.

Elijah Wilna (1720–1797), draws attention to the Scriptures, 5, 329, 390.

disinterestedness of, 5, 389.

critical powers of, 5, 389–90.

simple exegetical method of, 5, 390.

fondness of, for the Kabbala, 5, 390–1.

slandered by the Chassidim, 5, 391.

excommunicates the Chassidim, 5, 392, 393.

persecutes the Chassidim, 5, 394.

Elijah Zevi, brother of Sabbataï, 5, 145.

Elionai, high priest, under Agrippa I, 2, 198.

Elisha, Essene, punished for the use of Tephillin, 2, 424.

Elisha, father of Ishmael, 2, 427.

Elisha, prophet, successor to Elijah, 1, 207.

accompanies Elijah, 1, 208.

lives on Mount Carmel, 1, 208.

hates Jehoram, 1, 208–9.

disciple of, appoints Jehu king of Israel, 1, 210.

position of, compared with Elijah’s, 1, 217–18.

in Samaria, 1, 218.

respected by Jehoash of Israel, 1, 223–4.

influence of, on Jehoash, 1, 225.

Elisha ben Abuya (Acher), teacher of the Law, apostate, 2, 358, 377.

theosophist, 2, 381.

assists Hadrian in persecuting the Law, 2, 426.

and Meïr, 2, 437.

daughters of, 2, 452.

Elisha Gallaico, member of Karo’s rabbinical college, 4, 616.

Elishama, keeper of the lists, favors submission to Nebuchadnezzar, 1, 305.

Elizabeth, of Brunswick, has Templo’s work translated, 5, 114–15.

Elizabeth, of England, and Maria Nuñes, 4, 664.

Elkanah Kapsali, of Candia, ransoms Spanish exiles, 4, 364.

Elon, judge, 1, 66.

Elulai, king of Tyre, subdued by Shalmaneser, 1, 263.

Эль-Уз. См. Уша.

Эльвира. См. Иллиберис.

Elymæans, the, have a synagogue in Jerusalem, 2, 201.

Elymais, falls to Nabopolassar, 1, 303.

Emancipation of Jews, the, advocated by John Toland, 5, 197–8.

favored by Mirabeau, 5, 433–4.

accomplished by the French, 5, 459.

urged by Michael Berr, 5, 460–1, 527.

opposed by Fichte, 5, 462.

dependent on that of French Jews, 5, 480.

favored by Dalberg, 5, 504.

favored by Hardenberg, 5, 507.

favored by Denmark, 5, 519, 531.

advocated before the Congress of Aix-la-Chapelle, 5, 525–7.

favored by Alexander I, 5, 527.

urged by Italian Jews, 5, 527.

advocated by Zunz, 5, 621.

hindrances to, in Judaism, 5, 675.

completed by the February revolutions, 5, 696–7.

См. также Гражданство.

Emancipation of the Austrian Jews, the, by Joseph II, 5, 357–8.

Emancipation of the Baden Jews, the, 5, 502–3.

Emancipation of the Bavarian Jews, the partial, 5, 508.

Emancipation of the Dutch Jews, the, celebrated by Friedrichsfeld, 5, 400.

promoted by French victories, 5, 452.

opposed by Van Swieden, 5, 453–4.

opposed by representative Amsterdam Jews, 5, 454.

Jewish advocates of, 5, 454–5.

Christian objections to, 5, 455–6.

favored by Noel, 5, 456.

passed by the National Assembly, 5, 456.

does not delight the Jews, 5, 456–7.

Emancipation of the English Jews, the, 5, 336–8, 430, 698.

discussed in Parliament, 5, 601.

advocated by O’Connell, 5, 653.

Emancipation of the Frankfort Jews, the, 5, 505.

discussed in the Senate, 5, 598.

Emancipation of the French Jews, the, promoted by Cerf Berr, 5, 430, 431.

discussed by the National Assembly, 5, 439–41.

favored by the heroes of the Revolution, 5, 441.

opposition to, 5, 441–2.

equivocal decision on, 5, 442.

granted to the Portuguese section, 5, 442–3, 444–5.

subject of a petition to the National Assembly, 5, 443.

before the Paris Commune, 5, 443–5.

Abbé Mulot on, 5, 443–4.

opposed by the Duc de Broglie, 5, 447.

advocated by Duport, 5, 447–8.

passed by the National Assembly, 5, 448.

celebrated by Berr Isaac Berr, 5, 448–9.

recognized by the Constitution of the Directory, 5, 452.

endangered, 5, 476.

objected to by Bonald, 5, 478–9.

laid before Napoleon’s council, 5, 479.

determines that of Jews in other countries, 5, 480.

advocated by Beugnot, 5, 480.

opposed by Napoleon, 5, 480.

urged by Regnault and Ségur, 5, 480–1.

guaranteed by Napoleon, 5, 492.

curtailed by Napoleon, 5, 498–9.

under Louis XVIII, 5, 524–5.

curtailed under the Bourbons, 5, 596.

considered by Louis Philippe, 5, 597.

advocated by Mérilhou, 5, 597.

completed in the Chamber of Peers, 5, 597.

Emancipation of the German Jews, the, promoted by Dohm’s plea, 5, 356–7.

promoted by the French, 5, 459.

urged by the Peace Congress of Rastadt, 5, 463.

writers against, 5, 468–70, 472.

retarded by the reaction after Napoleon’s fall, 5, 512.

urged before the Congress of Vienna, 5, 513–14.

favored by Hardenberg and Metternich, 5, 514.

promised in the constitution drawn up by Humboldt, 5, 514.

retarded by Teutomania, 5, 516.

opposed by Rühs, 5, 517.

promised by the Act of Federation, 5, 518.

opposed by the Hanse Towns, 5, 519.

favored by Holstein, 5, 519.

defeated at the Congress of Vienna, 5, 519–20.

pamphlet literature against, 5, 521.

favored by Krämer, 5, 521–2.

leads to estrangement from Judaism, 5, 560.

Riesser interested in, 5, 599–600.

on the programme of the liberal party, 5, 602.

Emancipation of the Hessian Jews, the, legalized, 5, 601.

Emancipation of the Italian Jews, the, undone by Pius VII, 5, 518.

Emancipation of the Jews in the Hanse Towns, the, 5, 506–7.

Emancipation of the Mecklenburg Jews, the, 5, 507.

Emancipation of the Prussian Jews, the, struggle for, begun, 5, 414–16.

partial, 5, 507.

granted by Frederick William III, 5, 508, 630.

a dead letter, 5, 524.

Emancipation of the Turkish Jews, the, by Abdul Meg’id, 5, 641.

Emancipation of the Westphalian Jews, the, 5, 500–1.

medal commemorative of, 5, 501.

Emanuel, Byzantine emperor, and his Jewish physician, 3, 425.

Embicho, bishop of Würzburg, protects the Jews, 3, 354.

Emden, Jacob (Ashkenazi, Jabez, 1698–1776), grandson of Jacob Ashkenazi, anti-Sabbatian, 5, 221.

son of Chacham Zevi, studies of, 5, 254–5.

character of, 5, 255.

as rabbi, 5, 255.

кандидат на пост раввина «трёх общин», 5, 255–6.

antipathy of, to heretics, 5, 256.

induced not to expose Eibeschütz, 5, 257–8.

calls on Eibeschütz to clear himself, 5, 258.

punished by the Council, 5, 258–9.

persecuted in Altona, 5, 260.

excommunicated and flees to Amsterdam, 5, 261.

returns to Altona, 5, 265, 266.

historian of the Sabbatian movement, 5, 266.

maligned by Charles Anton, 5, 267.

refutes Eibeschütz’s defense, 5, 270.

appealed to by the Polish rabbis, 5, 277–8.

exposes the Zohar as a forgery, 5, 278.

sanctions Frankist persecutions, 5, 278.

triumphant, 5, 289.

refers the Schwerin Jews to Mendelssohn, 5, 318.

opposes Mendelssohn on the subject of hasty burial, 5, 318–19.

Emden, Portuguese Marranos arrive at, 4, 665.

Jews tolerated in, 4, 686.

Emek ha-Bacha, by Joseph ben Joshua Cohen, 4, 590, 608.

Emesa, native town of Julia Domna, 2, 468.

Эмихо. См. Эммерих.

Emim, descendants of the Anakim and Rephaim, 1, 2.

Emmaus (Gimso), Synhedrion established at, 2, 71.

burnt, 2, 126.

effort to establish an academy at, 2, 334.

destroyed by an earthquake, 2, 408–9.

Emmerich (Emicho), of Leiningen, leader of the first crusade, massacres the Jews, 3, 303.

disgraceful end of the crusaders under, 3, 306.

accused before Henry IV, 3, 307.

“Emunoth,” Kabbalistic work by Shem Tob ben Joseph, 4, 197.

Emunoth we-Deoth, philosophical work by Saadiah, 3, 197–8.

Endor, camp of Gideon, 1, 62.

Saul’s camp, 1, 103.

the witch of, 1, 103.

“Enemy of the Jews, The,” Pfefferkorn’s second pamphlet, 4, 427–8.

Engadi, Essene center, 2, 25.

Engel, friend of Mendelssohn, 5, 372.

England, rabbis of, emigrate to Jerusalem, 3, 505–6.

Marranos unkindly received in, 4, 509.

struggles for religious freedom in, 5, 25–8.

Jews gradually establish themselves in, 5, 49–50.

anomalous position of Jews in, 5, 50.

ambassador of, intercedes for the Moravian and Bohemian Jews, 5, 253.

the first country to emancipate the Jews, 5, 430.

in the Quadruple Alliance, 5, 658.

England, the Jews of, protected during the second crusade, 3, 356.

prosperous under Henry II, 3, 409.

under Richard I, 3, 409–16.

abused at Richard’s coronation, 3, 410–11.

massacre of, 3, 412–16.

under John, 3, 416, 504–5.

imprisoned, 3, 505.

wear the Jew badge, 3, 515, 516.

hated on account of their usurious rates, 3, 571.

under Henry III, 3, 587–92.

Christians not permitted to sell food to, 3, 588.

tax imposed on, 3, 589.

charges against, 3, 589.

pledged to the king’s brother, 3, 590.

restrictions put on, by the Church, 3, 590.

not permitted to leave England, 3, 591.

the blood accusation preferred against, 3, 591.

under Edward I, 3, 640–6.

the statute of Judaism passed against, 3, 642.

charged with counterfeiting and clipping coin, 3, 642.

imprisoned, 3, 642–3, 645.

forced to listen to Dominican sermons, 3, 643.

denounced to Honorius IV, 3, 645.

banished and ill-treated, 3, 645–6.

take refuge in France, Germany, Spain, 3, 646.

emancipation of, advocated, 5, 197–8.

pay the alien duty, 5, 337.

urge their emancipation, 5, 337.

naturalization of, 5, 337–8.

under Polish influence, 5, 558.

emancipation of, 5, 601, 653, 698.

act in the Damascus affair, 5, 644–5, 651–2.

public-spiritedness of, 5, 703.

number of, 5, 703.

England, the re-settlement of Jews in, prospects of, 5, 18–19.

suggested by Messianic hopes, 5, 28.

negotiations for, interrupted, 5, 34.

before the Short Parliament, 5, 34.

the subject of three petitions, 5, 35.

reasons for, stated by Manasseh ben Israel, 5, 39–42.

favored by Cromwell, 5, 42–3.

in the hands of a commission, 5, 43–5.

objections to, 5, 44–5.

literature on, 5, 45–6.

Enns, the Jews of, charged with host desecration, 4, 223.

Enoch, the Book of, Kabbalistic source, 4, 17.

Enoch Saporta, Rabbanite teacher of Karaites, 4, 270.

Энрикес, Антонио де Гомес. См. Пас, Энрике Энрикес де.

En-Rogel, spring south of Jerusalem, 1, 114.

Ensheim, Moses, one of the Measfim, mathematician, and the emancipation of the French Jews, 5, 401, 450.

Ensisheim, tower of, Meïr of Rothenburg imprisoned in, 3, 639.

En-Sof, title of God in the Kabbala, 3, 550.

emanations of, 3, 550–1.

in the Zohar, 4, 14.

the son of heaven, 5, 124.

En-Vidal Ephraim Gerundi, rabbi of Majorca, 4, 162.

martyr, 4, 171.

En-Zag Vidal de Tolosa, rabbi, calumniated, 4, 155.

Epaone, the council of, forbids Christians to take part in Jewish banquets, 3, 37.

Épée, de l’, Abbé, anticipated by Pereira, 5, 343.

Ephes-Damim, scene of David’s victory over Goliath, 1, 97.

Ephesus, a Greek-Christian community in, 2, 227.

chief seat of the Pagan Christians, 2, 367.

Ephoros, Jewish overseer in Greece, Macedonia, Illyria, 3, 27.

Ephraim, the tribe of, in contact with the Egyptians, 1, 7.

takes Bethel, 1, 34.

claims the central lands of Canaan, 1, 35–6.

and the Danites, 1, 39.

holds assemblies at Shiloh, 1, 41.

opposes intermarriages with the heathen, 1, 56.

keeps worshipers from Shiloh, 1, 57.

assists Ehud against the Moabites 1, 60.

in conflict with Manasseh, 1, 63.

attacked by the Ammonites, 1, 64.

quarrels with Jephthah, 1, 65.

oppressed by the Philistines, 1, 71.

not well disposed towards David, 1, 114.

sides with Absalom, 1, 140.

persuaded to separate from Solomon, 1, 176.

chooses Jeroboam as king, 1, 182–3.

end of, 1, 265–6.

Ephraim of Tyre, head of the Jews of Tyre, 3, 426.

Ephraim ben Jacob of Bonn (1132–1200), Talmudist and liturgical poet, 3, 419.

Ephraim, mountain, description of, 1, 45.

Epicrates, general of Ptolemy VIII, fights against the Judæans, 2, 11.

Epicurus, teachings of, accepted in Judæa, 1, 429.

Epiphanes, son of Antiochus of Commagene, affianced to Drusilla, 2, 195, 235.

Epistles to the Hebrews, the, urge the separation of Jewish Christians from Jews, 2, 371.

Epistolæ Obscurorum Virorum, by Crotus Rubianus, a Reuchlinist work, 4, 461–2.

См. «Письма тёмных людей».

Eras used by the Jews, 1, 417; 2, 134; 3, 433; 4, 394–5.

Erasmus, as humanist, 4, 432, 433.

supposed author of the “Letters of Obscurantists,” 4, 462.

on hatred of the Jews, 4, 462–3.

in the pantomime on the Reformation, 4, 468.

Эрави. См. Аирви.

Erfurt, refuge of Archbishop Ruthard of Mayence, 3, 307.

Erfurt, the Jews of, persecuted, 3, 611.

during the Black Death persecutions, 4, 109.

Erfurt, the university of, consulted regarding the confiscation of Hebrew books, 4, 437, 441.

theologians of, sanction the burning of the “Augenspiegel,” 4, 452.

Ergas, Joseph, Kabbalist, denounces Chayon, 5, 227.

Ermengarde, princess of Narbonne, Jews under, 3, 392.

“Errors of the Doctrine of the Trinity,” by Michael Servetus, 4, 541.

Erter, Isaac (1792–1851), Galician scholar, re-animates the Hebrew language, 5, 612–13, 617.

education and marriages of, 5, 613.

self-culture of, 5, 613–14.

influence of Rapoport and Krochmal on, 5, 614.

excommunicated, 5, 614–15.

satirizes Orenstein, 5, 615.

style of, 5, 615–16.

poverty of, 5, 616.

poetry of, compared with S. D. Luzzatto’s, 5, 623.

writes an account of the Damascus affair, 5, 671.

Erwig, Visigothic king, usurper, enacts anti-Jewish laws, 3, 106–7.

Esarhaddon, king of Assyria, reduces Babylonia, 1, 284.

takes Manasseh prisoner, 1, 285.

Esau, honored by a Gnostic sect, 2, 375.

Eschenloer, town clerk of Breslau, protests against cruelty towards Jews, 4, 262.

Escrivao, Jewish-Portuguese official, 4, 159.

“Eshkol ha-Kofer,” Karaite work by Jehuda ben Elia Hadassi, 3, 362.

Eskapha, Joseph, Talmudist, teacher of Sabbataï Zevi, 5, 118.

excommunicates him, 5, 122.

Eskeles, Issachar Berush, intercedes for the Moravian Jews, 5, 252, 253.

Эски-Крым. См. Сулхат.

Esperaindo, Juan de, assassin of Arbues, 4, 330.

Essenes, the, offshoot from the Assidæan party, 2, 16–17, 24.

give rise to the Pharisees, 2, 17.

wherein opposed to the Pharisees, 2, 18.

allied with the Pharisees, 2, 24.

rigid celebration of the Sabbath by, 2, 24.

Nazarite practices of, 2, 24–5.

celibates, 2, 25.

settle in Engadi, 2, 25.

communism of, 2, 26.

habits of, 2, 26–7.

mysticism of, 2, 27–8.

popular, 2, 29.

fatalists, 2, 30.

avoid the Temple, 2, 30.

initiation into the brotherhood of, 2, 30–1.

prophetic power ascribed to, 2, 100.

exempt from swearing allegiance to Herod, 2, 108.

conception of the Messianic age by, 2, 145.

the first to proclaim the advent of the Messiah, 2, 145.

Jesus attracted to, 2, 150–1.

displeased with Jesus, 2, 162.

followers of Jesus, 2, 219–20.

Essenism, the kernel of Christianity, 2, 142.

Essex, Earl of, takes Cadiz, 4, 665.

Essinger, Samuel, testifies in favor of Eibeschütz, 5, 262.

Estella, the Jews of, massacred, 4, 77–8, 144.

Esther (Esterka), mistress of Casimir III, 4, 112.

“Esther,” epic by Ansaldo Ceba, 5, 69, 70.

Esther, the Book of, additions to, 2, 359.

read in Spanish translation, 4, 148.

Estori Parchi, on the suffering of the French Jews, 4, 48–9.

emigrates to Palestine, 4, 49.

on the Karaites, 4, 72.

Etam, springs of, supply the second Temple, 1, 421.

Etampes, d’, Count, protects the French Jews, 4, 130, 132.

Eternal Punishment, dogma of, in the Kabbala, 4, 292.

Ethbaal I, of Tyre, allied with Omri of Israel, 1, 194.

Ethbaal II, of Tyre, vassal of Nebuchadnezzar, 1, 304.

rebels against Nebuchadnezzar, 1, 306.

urges war against Nebuchadnezzar, 1, 309.

Ethics, The, by Aristotle, translated, 4, 193.

by Spinoza, 4, 167.

Этнарх, князь иудеев в Египте. См. Алабарх.

Ethnarch, office of, created for the Judæans of the Nabathæan kingdom, 2, 202.

Ethnarch, title of, conferred on Hyrcanus II, 2, 66, 76.

on Archelaus, 2, 127.

on the President of the Synhedrion, 2, 360.

Eucærus, king of Syria, invades Judæa, 2, 44.

forced to retreat, 2, 45.

Euchel, Isaac Abraham, Hebrew style of, 5, 398.

establishes the Chebrath Dorshe Leshon Eber, 5, 398.

founds a journal, 5, 399.

mediocrity of, 5, 417.

founder of the “Society of Friends,” 5, 418.

Eugenius III, pope, absolves the debtors of Jews from payment, 3, 349–51.

Eugenius IV, pope, exhorts Juan II of Castile to humiliate the Jews, 4, 229.

hostile to the Jews, 4, 249, 275.

confirms the privileges of Jews, 4, 249.

influenced by Alfonso de Cartagena, 4, 249–50.

revives anti-Jewish restrictions, 4, 250–1.

issues a bull against the Italian Jews, 4, 251.

and John of Capistrano, 4, 257.

Eulæus, guardian of Ptolemy V’s sons, rules Egypt, 1, 450.

Eumenes, king of Pergamus, proclaims Antiochus IV king of Syria, 1, 443.

Euonymus of Gadara, philosopher, and Meïr, 2, 437–8.

Euphrates, the, depredations in the district of, 2, 527.

fortresses on, captured by Hulagu, 3, 606.

Euphrates, the, district of, the Jews of, rebel against Trajan, 2, 397.

opposed by Lucius Quietus, 2, 398–9.

in the twelfth century, 3, 428–33.

См. также под заголовком Вавилония.

Eupolemos, Judæan envoy to Rome, 1, 485.

Eupraxios, Byzantine viceroy, Sabbataï Donnolo, physician to, 3, 213.

Europe, the seat of Judaism in the twelfth century, 3, 383.

Europe, the Jews of, in the sixth and seventh centuries, 3, 24–5.

in the latter half of the eighth century, 3, 141.

in the tenth century, 3, 212.

admired by the Jews of the East, 5, 662–3.

Europe, western, early Jewish settlements in, 3, 35.

position of the Jews of, 5, 704.

Eusebius, bishop of Cæsarea, historian, asperses Judaism, 2, 562.

patron of Joseph the apostate, 2, 565.

Eusebius, chamberlain of Constantius, burdens the Jews with taxes, 2, 572.

Eutropius, chamberlain of Arcadius, favorably inclined to the Jews, 2, 615–16.

fall of, 2, 616.

Evangelists, the, and the revolt of Bar-Cochba, 2, 412–13.

describe Hadrian’s persecutions, 2, 431.

Evangels, the, colored by Jewish and Pagan Christian views, 2, 368–9.

influence of, on Judaism, deprecated by the Tanaites, 2, 378.

Evil-Merodach, king of Babylon, releases Jehoiachin, 1, 331.

murdered, 1, 331.

Evora, Jewish center in Portugal, 4, 159.

the Marranos of, spied upon, 4, 490.

tribunal of the Inquisition at, 4, 508.

Ewald, Heinrich, historian of Israel, 5, 696.

Ewald, Johann Ludwig, defends the Jews, 5, 522.

“Examination of the Pharisaic Traditions, An,” by Uriel da Costa, 5, 60.

“Example of Human Life, An,” autobiography of Uriel da Costa, 5, 64–5.

Exchequer of the Jews, in England, 3, 588.

Excommunication, as used by Gamaliel II, 2, 339, 347.

regulated by the Usha Synhedrion, 2, 405.

practiced by Simon II, 2, 446.

introduced into Babylonia, 2, 517.

used by Judah ben Ezekiel, 2, 551–2.

the right of, granted to the Patriarchs, 2, 612–13.

as dispensed in Jewish Babylonia, 2, 99–100.

introduced among the Karaites, 3, 151.

freely used by Paltoi ben Abayi, 3, 177.

threatened for violating the secrecy of a letter, 3, 245.

threatened for reproaching a repentant apostate, 3, 246.

threatened for accepting an office from Christian authorities, 3, 518.

pronounced in Poland only with the concurrence of the whole community, 4, 265.

employed by the rabbis of Turkey, 4, 599.

objected to by Mendelssohn, 5, 362–3.

forbidden by the Austrian government, 5, 614.

Excommunication of, the community of Fars, 3, 194.

Joseph ben Isaac Ibn-Abitur, 3, 238.

informers and traitors revived, 3, 378.

fault-finders with a bill of divorce after its delivery, 3, 378.

the Maimunists, 3, 528–9, 535.

the Anti-Maimunists, 3, 530, 536.

Donin, 3, 572–3.

students of science, 4, 39–40.

Uriel da Costa, 4, 58–63.

Spinoza, 5, 93, 94.

Sabbataï Zevi, 5, 122.

Chayim Malach, 5, 214.

Nehemiah Chayon, 5, 216, 224.

Chacham Zevi, 5, 226.

Podolian Sabbatians, 5, 228.

Sabbatians at Frankfort, 5, 230.

Moses Chayim Luzzatto, 5, 240, 242.

Eibeschütz’s opponents, 5, 259, 261.

Eibeschütz, 5, 263–4.

the Frankists, 5, 276–7.

Wessely, 5, 370.

the Chassidim, 5, 392, 393.

young Galician scholars, 5, 614.

Exegesis of the Bible, taught Origen by the Jews, 2, 488.

Simlaï’s sober method of, 2, 499, 501–2.

incorrect, favored by the Talmud, 2, 633.

by Anan ben David, 3, 133.

freedom in, the principal dogma of Karaism, 3, 157.

special study of the Karaites, 3, 180.

cultivated by the Spanish Jews in the tenth and eleventh centuries, 3, 235.

by Ibn-Janach, 3, 262, 263.

by Yizchaki, 3, 273.

by Rashi, 3, 288.

by Moses ben Samuel Ibn-G’ikatilia, 3, 290.

supplanted by the study of the Talmud in Spain, 3, 317.

by the Tossafists, 3, 345–6.

by Abraham Ibn-Ezra, 3, 368, 370–1, 371–3.

by David Kimchi, 3, 394.

decay of, in the post-Maimunic time, 3, 561.

neglected in Spain in the fourteenth century, 4, 91.

Jewish, praised by Reuchlin, 4, 441–2.

scientific, founded by Richard Simon, 5, 178.

by S. D. Luzzatto, 5, 623–4.

by Sachs, 5, 692–3.

by the rationalistic school, 5, 695–6.

См. также Писания, комментарии.

Exeter, the Council of, anti-Jewish decrees of, 3, 645.

“Exilarch, the, Feast of,” court at the Exilarch’s, 3, 95.

Exilarchate, the, on an equality with the Patriarchate, 2, 454.

extinction of, a condition of the advent of the Messiah, 2, 457.

in abeyance after Kobad’s persecutions, 3, 4.

from 589 to 640, 3, 10.

restored to power by Bostanaï, 3, 10.

hereditary in the house of Bostanaï, 3, 94, 137.

as viewed by the Jews of distant lands, 3, 100.

co-extensive with the Ommiyyade Caliphate, 3, 100.

dependent on the Gaonate, 3, 137.

contests for, 3, 155, 439.

decay of, 3, 183, 188.

attachment to, 3, 185–6.

during Saadiah’s Gaonate, 3, 193–4.

end of, 3, 201–2.

revived in the twelfth century, 3, 369, 428.

extent of, 3, 428–9.

revived in the thirteenth century, 3, 627.

Exilarchs, the (Princes of the Captivity, Resh-Galutha), leaders of the Jews in the East, 2, 393.

political chiefs of the Babylonian Jews, 2, 508.

vassals of Persia, 2, 508.

royal position of, 2, 508–9.

descendants of David, 2, 509.

supreme judges of the Jewish community, 2, 509; 3, 93.

revenues of, 2, 509–10; 3, 96.

homage paid to, 2, 510, 515, 606–7.

religious ignorance of, 2, 510.

political and spiritual authority of, 2, 511.

devoted to the study of the Law, 2, 544.

appoint judges, 2, 547; 3, 98, 428.

barbarity of, in the time of the Amoraim, 2, 554.

exercise civil and judicial functions, 3, 89.

depose the principals of the Babylonian academies, 3, 91.

history of, dark, 3, 92.

office of, political, 3, 93.

installation of, 3, 94–5.

annual court at the house of, 3, 95.

authority of, lessened by the Karaite schism, 3, 137.

power of, reduced, 3, 177, 183.

hold public assemblies at Pumbeditha, 3, 177.

Экзилархи, список:

Ахия,

Бостанай,

Хананья (Ахунай),

Ханинай,

Хасдай,

Хизкия,

Даниэль, сын

Шломо (Хасдай?),

Давид из Мосула,

Давид бен Даниэль,

Давид бен Иегуда,

Давид бен Заккай,

Хуна,

Хуна-Мари,

Йошия Хассан,

Иегуда бен Давид,

Иегуда бен Давид, сын

Кафнай,

Мар-Кахана,

Мар-Укбан,

Мар-Зутра I,

Мар-Зутра II,

Натан,

Нехемия,

Шломо,

Шломо (Хасдай?),

Ишай бен Хизкия,

Заккай бен Ахунай.

Exile, the Babylonian, described, 5, 720–1. See Babylonia, the Judæans of.

Экзорцизм. См. Демоны, изгнание.

Ezekias, leads the revolt in Galilee against Rome, 2, 77.

executed, 2, 77–8.

son of, 2, 125.

Ezekiel, prophet, encourages and rebukes the Babylonian exiles, 1, 332–4.

prophecy of, leads to theosophic speculations, 2, 380–1.

pilgrimages to the grave of, 3, 440–1.

in Immanuel Romi’s work, 4, 67.

Ezer ha-Emuna, work by Moses Cohen de Tordesillas, 4, 141.

Eziongeber, port on the Red Sea, 1, 170.

Эзоби (Эсоби). См. Йосеф Эзоби бен Ханан.

Ezra, descent of, 1, 365.

studies the Law, 1, 365.

leads a company of Judæans to Palestine, 1, 366.

opinion of, on intermarriages, 1, 367–8.

induces the Judæans to repudiate their heathen wives, 1, 368–9.

opposition to the severity of, 1, 370.

reads the Law in Jerusalem, 1, 378–80.

subordinates the priesthood to the Scriptures, 1, 379.

exacts an oath from the Judæans to observe the Law, 1, 380–1, 387–8.

at the consecration of the walls of Jerusalem, 1, 381.

guardian of the Temple, 1, 382.

regulations ascribed to, 1, 395.

the chief of the Scribes, 2, 19.

Mahomet on, 3, 76.

pilgrimages to the supposed grave of, 3, 441.

Ezra, Kabbalist, reduces the Kabbala to a system, 3, 548.

Ezra Gatiño, commentator on Ibn-Ezra’s Pentateuch commentary, 4, 144.

F

Fables, written by Meïr, 2, 436.

“Fables of Ancient Times,” by Ibn-Sahula, 3, 560.

Баснописцы, список:

Берахья бен Натронай Накдан,

Ибн-Сахула,

Меир.

Fadak, submits to Mahomet, 3, 83.

Fadus, Cuspius, procurator, strengthens Rome in Judæa, 2, 197.

rising of Theudas under, 2, 198.

deposed, 2, 198.

Fagius, Paulus, disciple of Reuchlin, and Elias Levita, 4, 474.

“Faith and Creed,” by Saadiah, 3, 197–8.

Фалакера. См. Шем-Тов Фалакера.

Falcos, the Jews of, attacked, 4, 78.

Falero, Abraham Aboab, builds the second synagogue at Hamburg, 4, 691.

Faliachi, Jacob, Sabbatian, 5, 156.

Falk, Jacob Joshua, rabbi of Metz and Frankfort, 5, 251.

against Eibeschütz, 5, 262, 263, 268, 269.

disciple of, 5, 263.

Грехопадение. См. Первородный грех.

Fall, the, of the Angels, dogma of, in the Kabbala, 4, 292.

Famagusta, besieged by the Turks, 4, 600.

taken, 4, 601.

“Familianten,” privileged Jews, 5, 253.

Famine, in Israel under Ahab, 1, 203.

in Judah under Uzziah, 1, 229–30.

in Jerusalem during the siege of Titus, 2, 304, 305–6.

under Marcus Aurelius, 2, 451.

Farchi, Chayim Maalem, Jewish minister at Accho, 5, 460.

Farchi, Raphael Murad, accused of ritual murder, 5, 639.

restored to his position, 5, 661.

Farchi family, the, accused of ritual murder, 5, 638.

Фарисоль, Авраам. См. Авраам Фарисоль.

Фарнезе, Александр. См. Павел III, папа римский.

Farnese, Alexander, cardinal, intercedes for the Jews, 4, 567.

Faro, Count of, friend of Isaac Abrabanel, 4, 338.

Faro, Jewish center in Portugal, 4, 159.

Farraj Ibn-Solomon (Farragut), physician to Charles of Anjou, 3, 628.

Фарс. См. Хамадан.

Farsistan, the Exilarch’s income from, 3, 96.

Fast, proclaimed under Jehoiakim, 1, 304.

in memory of Gedaliah, 1, 325.

in memory of the Blois martyrs, 3, 380–1.

during the disputation with Donin, 3, 577.

on the anniversary of the burning of the Talmud, 3, 579.

against Gonzalo Martinez, 4, 85.

to avert the Black Death persecutions, 4, 100.

during the Hussite war, 4, 225–6.

commemorating the Nemirov massacre, 5, 13.

Fast days, observed by the Babylonian exiles, 1, 337.

Fast of Tammuz abolished, by Sabbataï Zevi, 5, 151–2.

by the Sabbatians, 5, 159.

Fast of Tebeth, abolished by Sabbataï Zevi, 5, 143.

«Отец иудеев». См. Рагеш.

Fatimide Caliphate, the, Talmud schools established in, 3, 210.

Jewish science in, 3, 211.

fanaticism of, 3, 212.

Joseph ben Isaac Ibn-Abitur in, 3, 238.

the Jews of, persecuted, 3, 247–8.

extent of, 3, 248.

consequences of the fall of, 3, 461.

Fauma Kadin, Sarah Zevi’s Mahometan name, 5, 154.

Fayum, Saadiah’s birthplace, 3, 188.

the Jews of, in the twelfth century, 3, 444.

Feast of Ingathering, celebrated in the eighth month, 1, 186. See Tabernacles, the feast of.

Праздник огней. См. Ханука.

February revolution, the, completes the emancipation of the Jews, 5, 696–7.

Federation of the German states, Act of, assures citizenship to the Jews, 5, 518.

Felgenhauer, Paul, mystic, Messianic speculations of, 5, 35–6.

Felix, governor of Galilee, husband of Drusilla, 2, 235, 242, 245.

rouses the Zealots against the Samaritans, 2, 243.

sides with the Galilæans, 2, 244.

procurator of Judæa, rapacity of, 2, 245.

allied with the Sicarii, 2, 246.

sides with the Greeks against the Judæans, 2, 247.

Felix Libertate, Dutch club, joined by Jews, 5, 453.

“Fence,” the, about the Law, 1, 397.

Ferber, von, and the Jews of Dresden, 5, 344.

Ferdinand I, emperor, permits the expulsion of the Bohemian Jews, 4, 544.

expels the Jews from Lower Austria, 4, 585.

expels the Jews of Prague, 4, 585–6.

embassy of, negotiates with Joseph Nassi, 4, 597.

appeals to Joseph Nassi, 4, 601.

Ferdinand II, emperor, reproves Hamburg for permitting a synagogue, 4, 689–90.

protects the Jews, 4, 701–2.

imprisons Lipmann Heller, 4, 705.

fines him, 4, 706.

introduces conversion sermons in Vienna, 4, 706.

Ferdinand III, emperor, extends the rights of the Bohemian Jews, 4, 707.

Ferdinand I, of Aragon, regent of Castile, 4, 194.

issues an anti-Jewish edict, 4, 203–4.

becomes king of Aragon, 4, 205.

defers to Vincent Ferrer, 4, 206.

arranges for the disputation at Tortosa, 4, 207.

advises Benedict XIII to abdicate, 4, 216.

threatens to besiege Benedict XIII, 4, 217.

death of, 4, 217.

Фердинанд II Арагонский. См. Фердинанд V Кастильский, Католик.

Ferdinand III, of Castile, the Holy, hostile to the Jews, 3, 519.

employs a Jewish physician, 3, 537.

Jews under, 3, 592.

Ferdinand IV, of Castile, employs a Jewish treasurer, 4, 51–2.

death of, 4, 52.

Ferdinand V, of Castile (II, of Aragon), the Catholic, marriage of, 4, 280.

ascends the throne of Castile, 4, 284.

avarice of, 4, 310, 318.

sanctions the Inquisition for Marranos, 4, 310–11.

obtains sanction for the Inquisition in Aragon, 4, 319.

introduces the Inquisition into his hereditary lands, 4, 325–6.

inclined to revoke the Jewish edict of banishment, 4, 348.

confiscates the possessions of the Jews of his hereditary lands, 4, 350.

threatens Navarre for protecting Marranos, 4, 357.

urges the expulsion of the Jews from Navarre, 4, 358.

and Judah Leon Abrabanel, 4, 384, 385.

establishes the Inquisition at Benevento, 4, 385.

См. также Фердинанд и Изабелла.

Ferdinand (V) and Isabella (I), of Castile, establish the Inquisition in Spain, 4, 309.

appoint the commission to frame the statute for the Inquisition, 4, 312.

papal letter to, concerning the Inquisition, 4, 318.

refuse to modify the rigors of the Inquisition, 4, 322.

ask for an inquisitor-general, 4, 324.

establish the Inquisition at Seville, 4, 335.

urged to expel the Jews from Seville, 4, 336.

protect the Jews from chicanery, 4, 336.

appoint Isaac Abrabanel minister of finance, 4, 343.

secret treaty of, with Boabdil, 4, 345.

enter Granada, 4, 345.

decide on the expulsion of the Jews, 4, 346–7.

proclamation of, expelling the Jews, 4, 347–8.

confiscate the treasures of the exiles, 4, 354–5.

censured for the expulsion of the Jews, 4, 356.

marry their daughter to Manoel of Portugal, 4, 372–3.

oppose the Portuguese Marranos at Rome, 4, 379.

Ferdinand I, of Naples, employs a Jewish physician, 4, 287.

receives Spanish exiles kindly, 4, 358–9.

patron of Isaac Abrabanel, 4, 359, 383.

refuses to expel the Jews, 4, 359–60.

death of, 4, 360.

Ferdinand I, of Portugal, prosperity of the Jews under, 4, 158–9.

Jewish favorites of, 4, 159–60.

death of, 4, 160.

Ferdinand, duke of Braganza, friend of Isaac Abrabanel, 4, 338, 340–1.

Ferdinand de Medici, duke of Tuscany, receives Jewish exiles from the Papal States, 4, 659.

permits the use of the expurgated Talmud, 4, 659.

Fermo, residence of Immanuel Romi, 4, 68.

Fernando, Manuel, de Villa-Real, Marrano, martyr, 5, 91.

Ferrajo, Lucio, tries to prove the blood accusation out of the Talmud, 5, 639.

Ferrara, Hillel of Verona in, 3, 629.

Jewish printing house in, 4, 289.

Jewish exiles in, 4, 412–13.

Marranos well treated at, 4, 526.

refuge of the Neapolitan Jews, 4, 544.

Samuel Usque at, 4, 558.

the Talmud burnt in, 4, 565.

a refuge for Marranos, 4, 568, 569.

refuge of Gracia Mendesia, 4, 575.

Marranos of, in distress, 4, 581.

refuge of the Jewish exiles from the Papal States, 4, 592.

becomes part of the Papal States, 4, 660.

no longer a refuge for Marranos, 4, 661.

earthquake in, 4, 615.

Ferrara, the Jews of, liberties of, 3, 628.

appeal for permission to own the Talmud, 4, 658.

attached to the house of Este, 4, 660.

Феррер. См. Видаль бен Бенвенисте Ибн-Лаби.

Ferrer, Vincent, humility of, 4, 200–1.

revives flagellation, 4, 201.

as an orator, 4, 201.

fanaticism of, 4, 201–2.

crusade of, against the Jews, 4, 202.

extorts Christian confession from the Marranos, 4, 202–3.

influences Jews to accept Christianity, 4, 204–5, 206, 214.

procures the crown of Aragon for Ferdinand of Castile, 4, 205, 206.

denounces Benedict XIII, 4, 216.

death of, 4, 217.

refused aid by João I of Portugal, 4, 218.

in Savoy, 4, 218.

terror of, spreads to Germany and Italy, 4, 218.

policy of, adopted by the Council of Basle, 4, 246.

compared with John of Capistrano, 4, 257.

compared with Bernardinus of Feltre, 4, 296.

Ferrus, Pero, apostate, satirist, 4, 181.

Festus, procurator of Judæa, administration of, 2, 247–8.

Fettmilch, Vincent, leader of the Frankfort guilds against the Jews, 4, 696–7.

attacks the Jew quarter, 4, 697.

hanged, 4, 699–700.

Fez, Dunash ben Labrat in, 3, 226.

Maimun’s family in, 3, 451–6.

forced converts emigrate to, 4, 179.

suffering of Spanish exiles in, 4, 361–2.

the Spanish exiles in, 4, 390.

Fez, the Jews of, consult Haï Gaon, 3, 252.

persecuted, 3, 360.

fortunes of, 5, 168.

Fezara, the, Arab tribe, promise assistance to the Jews of Chaibar, 3, 82.

Fichte, classes Jews with the nobility and clergy, 5, 461.

opposes the emancipation of the Jews, 5, 462, 468.

Saul Asher refutes, 5, 463.

Fields, the blessing of, by Jews, forbidden, 2, 620; 3, 44.

Fifth Monarchy, the, believers in, regard the Jews favorably, 5, 23, 27.

view of, held by Christians, 5, 37.

as interpreted by Manasseh ben Israel, 5, 38.

believers in, fix the Messianic year, 5, 120.

Фирме-Фе. См. Нуньес, Энрике.

First-born, the, Mosaic law of, as interpreted under Ahaz, 1, 261.

Firuz (Pheroces, 457–484), Sassanian king, persecutes the Jews, 2, 628–30; 3, 1.

persecutes the Jews of Ispahan, 2, 629.

closes the Jewish schools, 2, 629.

forces Magianism upon Jews, 2, 629.

death of, 2, 630.

Firuz-Shabur (Anbar), important Babylonian town, 2, 505.

the Jews of, in the war between Julian the Apostate and Shabur II, 2, 601.

academy opened at, 3, 8, 9.

taken by Ali, 3, 90.

Fiscus Judaicus, tax instituted by Vespasian, 2, 316.

extorted from the Jews, 2, 332.

См. Налог.

“Five Evidences of the Faith,” Sabbatian work, 5, 162.

Flaccus, prætor in Asia Minor, seizes upon the votive offerings in the Temple, 2, 68.

defended by Cicero, 2, 68–70.

Flaccus, Pomponius, governor of Syria, Agrippa I courtier of, 2, 175.

tool of the Alexandrians, 2, 181.

deprives Judæans of Alexandrian citizenship, 1, 182.

deposed, 2, 183.

Flagellants, the, in Hanover, 4, 111.

under Vincent Ferrer, 4, 201.

condemned by the Council of Constance, 4, 217.

Flanders, Spanish spoken in, by the exiles, 4, 387.

Portuguese Marranos imprisoned in, 4, 509.

Flavian house, the, and the Jews, 2, 388.

Flavio Jacopo de Evora, on Amatus Lusitanus, 4, 610.

Флавий Иосиф. См. Йосеф бен Маттитьягу.

Florence, commerce of, in the fifteenth century, 4, 285.

Elias del Medigo lectures on philosophy at, 4, 291.

the Jews of, protected against Bernardinus of Feltre, 4, 297.

the Marranos of, not molested, 4, 500.

the Portuguese Jews of, wealthy, 5, 205.

Florentin, Solomon, Talmudist, supporter of Jacob Querido, 5, 210.

Florus, Gessius (64–66), last procurator of Judæa, rapacity and profligacy of, 2, 249–50.

favors the Sicarii, 2, 250.

bribed by the Judæans of Cæsarea, 2, 252–3.

imprisons Judæan deputies, 2, 253.

demands a part of the Temple treasures, 2, 253.

in Jerusalem, 2, 253–4.

plunders the upper town, 2, 254.

appealed to by Berenice, 2, 254.

demands a friendly reception for his troops, 2, 254.

troops of, attack the Temple, 2, 255.

leaves Jerusalem, 2, 255.

Jerusalem rebellious towards, 2, 258.

refuses to aid the Peace party, 2, 259.

refrains from interference between the Zealots and the Roman garrison in Jerusalem, 2, 261–2.

enslaves the Judæans in Cæsarea, 2, 262.

accused before Nero, 2, 268.

Fons Vitæ, philosophical work by Solomon Ibn-Gebirol, 3, 270–1. See “Fountain of Life, The.”

Fonseca Pinto y Pimentel, Sarah de, Jewish poetess, 5, 203.

Fontaine, de, Countess, owns the Jews of Metz, 5, 348, 446.

Fontanes, reactionary influence of, 5, 477, 479.

“Fool’s Voice, The,” by Leo Modena, 5, 73.

Forli, Hillel of Verona in, 3, 629.

synod at, 4, 218.

“Fortalitium Fidei,” anti-Jewish work by Alfonso de Spina, 4, 277, 415.

“Fortress, The,” polemic, 4, 234.

Fortunatus, Venantius, poet, celebrates the achievements of Avitus, 3, 39.

Forum Judicum, Visigothic code, translated into Castilian, 3, 594–5.

Fossano, French exiles settle in, 4, 177.

Фостат. См. Каир.

Fould, Achille, questions Thiers on the Damascus affair, 5, 649.

“Fountain of Life, The,” (Mekor Chayim, Fons Vitæ), philosophical work by Solomon Ibn-Gebirol, 3, 270.

translated into Latin, 3, 270.

used by the schoolmen, 3, 271.

Four Countries, the, Synod of (Vaad Arba Arazoth), functions of, 4, 643–4; 5, 3–4.

authority of, 4, 644.

supposed originator of, 4, 645.

president of, 4, 645.

and the Kamieniec disputation, 5, 281.

forbidden to assemble, 5, 387.

dissolution of, favorable to Chassidism, 5, 387.

Fourth of August, the, glory of, 5, 437.

Fox Fables, the, by Berachya ben Natronaï, 3, 560.

Fraga, the Jews of, converted, 4, 214.

“Fragments of an Unknown,” published by Lessing, 5, 320–1.

effect of, 5, 321–2.

attributed to Mendelssohn, 5, 322.

France, Talmud schools established in, 3, 208.

Talmudists of, imported into Egypt, 3, 444.

rabbis of, emigrate to Jerusalem, 3, 505–6.

rabbis of, in sympathy with Solomon Petit, 3, 627.

refuge of the Jews banished from England, 3, 646.

quarrel about the chief rabbinate of, 4, 152–3, 162.

the Protestant Reformation in, 4, 469.

professorships for Hebrew instituted in, 4, 471, 473, 474.

Portuguese Marranos arrested in, 4, 509.

ambassador of, and Joseph Nassi, 4, 595, 598–9.

Joseph Nassi seizes the merchant vessels of, 4, 597.

the Measfim in, 5, 401.

the first country to emancipate the Jews, 5, 430.

congregations of, present addresses to the Synhedrion, 5, 496.

Central Consistory of, keeps aloof from the Reform movement, 5, 572.

France, the Jews of, participate in the memorial services at the Babylonian academies, 3, 101.

advanced under Charlemagne, 3, 141.

devote themselves to the Agada, 3, 160.

under Charles the Bald, 3, 170–4.

decrees against, revived, 3, 171.

tax levied on, 3, 172.

antagonized by Bishop Amolo, 3, 172–3.

exposed to Easter attacks, 3, 173–4.

under Charles the Simple, 3, 175.

treated as the wards of the king, 3, 175.

yield precedence to the Jews of Spain, 3, 236.

oppressed under the last Carlovingians and the first Capets, 3, 241–2.

the clergy arouse hatred against, 3, 241.

accused of using spells against Christians, 3, 242.

not creative in the eleventh century, 3, 281.

occupations of, 3, 281.

compared with the Christians, 3, 281.

devoted to the study of the Talmud, 3, 281, 343–5.

protected during the first crusade, 3, 299.

beginnings of culture among, 3, 343.

debts owing to, repudiated, 3, 349–51.

Louis VII roused against, 3, 349–50.

a persecution of, prevented, 3, 351.

martyrdom of, during the second crusade, 3, 354–6.

Jewish culture of, 3, 357.

and the secular courts, 3, 377.

observe a fast for the Jews of Blois, 3, 380.

banished by Philip Augustus, 3, 402–3.

charges against, by Innocent III, 3, 499.

forbidden to employ Christian nurses, 3, 508.

suffer during Gregory IX’s crusade, 3, 570.

forced into Christianity, 3, 570.

appeal to Gregory IX, 3, 570.

under Louis IX, 3, 570–1.

charged with usury, 3, 571.

fast during the disputation with Donin, 3, 577.

charged with the blood accusation, 3, 583–5.

banished by Louis IX, 3, 585–6.

return of, 3, 586.

forced to wear a badge, 3, 612.

address Solomon ben Adret for religious decisions, 3, 620.

banished by Philip IV, 3, 646; 4, 46.

reasons for the exile of, 4, 47.

suffering of, 4, 47–9.

emigrate, 4, 49.

recalled by Louis X, 4, 53.

conditions for the re-admission of, 4, 53–4.

privileges of, extended by Philip V, 4, 54.

massacred by the Pastoureaux, 4, 55–7.

accused of poisoning wells, 4, 57.

permitted to return by John the Good, 4, 129.

privileges granted to, 4, 129–31, 150.

hostility to, 4, 131, 132.

attacked by mobs, 4, 151–2.

refuse to submit to the German chief rabbi, 4, 152–3.

conditions of the residence of, in France, 4, 174.

forced into usury, 4, 174.

banished by Charles VI, 4, 175–6.

remain in certain towns and provinces, 4, 176–7.

settle in Germany and Italy, 4, 177.

number of, 5, 435.

not united for concerted action, 5, 436.

petition for admission into the fraternity of the French people, 5, 438.

Saint Etienne speaks in behalf of, 5, 439.

improvement of, planned by Berr Isaac Berr, 5, 449.

interested in the government, 5, 449–50.

and the religion of Reason, 5, 451–2.

recognized as equals by the Constitution of the Directory, 5, 452.

object to the poll-tax in Germany, 5, 464–5.

in danger of losing their privileges, 5, 474.

opposed by the reactionary party, 5, 477–8.

deprived temporarily of civil equality, 5, 482.

restrictive laws for, 5, 498–9.

rights of, not curtailed after Napoleon’s fall, 5, 512–13.

restrictions against not renewed, 5, 524–5.

rapid advance of, 5, 557.

under Polish influence, 5, 558.

influenced by the Reform movement, 5, 582–3.

and the Damascus affair, 5, 644, 651.

asked to support Crémieux’s Eastern schools, 5, 671.

Франция, евреи, эмансипация. См. Эмансипация французских евреев.

France, northern, home of Talmudic studies after Rashi, 3, 289.

rabbis of, at Donin’s disputation, 3, 576.

France, northern, the Jews of, devoted to Talmud study, 3, 289, 290, 345, 407–8.

expect the Messiah, 3, 298.

prosperous in the twelfth century, 3, 343.

banished during the third crusade, 3, 405.

received by Philip Augustus, 3, 405–6.

not permitted to move from province to province, 3, 406.

forbidden to buy property confiscated from Jews, 3, 406–7.

treated as bondmen, 3, 407.

naïve faith of, 3, 549.

wear Jew badges, 3, 612.

France, southern, Judæans in, 2, 203.

culture and rulers of, 3, 390.

tolerance in, 3, 390.

Spanish culture introduced into, 3, 392.

Jews from, in Palestine, 3, 427–8.

rabbis of, renounce Solomon of Montpellier, 3, 539, 541.

См. также Лангедок; Нарбонна; Прованс.

France, southern, the Jews of, dependent on vassal princes, 3, 242.

in the twelfth century, 3, 389–91.

idolize Maimonides, 3, 488–9.

Maimonides on, 3, 492.

relation of, to the Albigenses, 3, 501, 513–14.

suffer during the Albigensian crusade, 3, 501–3.

not employed as state officials, 3, 503–4.

send delegates to the Fourth Lateran Council, 3, 509.

struggle against badges, 3, 513.

Innocent III’s decrees enforced against, 3, 518.

Maimunists, 3, 526–7.

excommunicate Solomon of Montpellier, 3, 530.

philosophical leanings of, 3, 549.

ordered to enter into disputations with Pablo Christiani, 3, 602.

obtain the abrogation of the law on badges, 3, 612.

persecuted in the fourteenth century, 4, 53.

during the Pastoureaux rising, 4, 56–7.

massacred on the charge of having caused the Black Death, 4, 102.

hostility towards, 4, 132.

Francesco Maria I, duke of Urbino, brings Molcho to Pesaro, 4, 501.

Francesco Maria II, duke of Urbino, David de Pomis dedicates a book to, 4, 657.

Francis I, of Austria, emperor, imposes restrictions on the Jews, 5, 508.

the Jews under, 5, 523.

intolerance of, 5, 579.

Francis I, of France, patron of Hebrew learning, 4, 473.

Franciscans (Minorites), the, order of, originates in the Fourth Lateran Council, 3, 509.

persecutions by, in southern France, 3, 519.

in the Maimunist controversy, 3, 542–3.

judges of the Talmud, 3, 575.

free English Jews imprisoned on the blood accusation, 3, 591.

censors of the Talmud, 3, 603.

in Hungary, 3, 614.

mock at the Dominicans, 3, 641.

object to a synagogue on Mount Zion, 4, 274.

espouse Reuchlin’s cause, 4, 457.

Franciscus of Sardinia, persecutes the Damascus Jews, 5, 639–40.

Franco, (Christoval) Mordecai Mendes, Marrano in Holland, 4, 667.

Franco, Nicolo, papal nuncio, urges the Inquisition for Marranos, 4, 310.

Franco, Samuel, Kabbalist, 4, 405.

Franconia, the Jews of, suffer during the Rindfleisch persecution, 4, 35.

privileges granted to, 4, 259.

banished, 4, 259–60.

attacked by Lutheran peasants, 4, 542.

persecuted, 5, 529.

Frank, Eva, daughter of Jacob Frank, 5, 289.

Frank, Jacob, roguery of, 5, 272.

joins the Sabbatians, 5, 272.

accepts Islam, 5, 272.

Kabbalistic views of, 5, 273.

considered an incarnation of the Messiah, 5, 273, 274.

leader of the Polish Sabbatians, 5, 273–4.

prayers addressed to, 5, 274.

emigrates to Turkey, 5, 276.

advises his followers to accept Christianity, 5, 278–9, 284.

invited to return to Podolia, 5, 283.

baptized, 5, 287–8.

betrayed, 5, 288.

end of the career of, 5, 289.

Fränkel, David, rabbi of Berlin, Mendelssohn’s teacher, 5, 293–4.

Fränkel, Jonas, founder of the Breslau Seminary, 5, 700.

Frankel, Sæckel, compiles Hebrew prayers, 5, 564.

Frankel, Zachariah (1801–1875), orthodox leader, compared with Holdheim, 5, 684.

character and scientific activity of, 5, 684, 694–5.

attitude of, towards reforms, 5, 684–5.

at the Frankfort rabbinical conference, 5, 685.

founder of the Breslau seminary, 5, 700.

Frankenberg, Abraham von, mystic, on the restoration of Israel, 5, 24.

Frankfort, duchy of, created, 5, 505.

Frankfort-on-the-Main, diet at, to consider the Jewish question, 4, 463, 464.

Jews tolerated in, 4, 686.

refuses to receive Portuguese Jews, 4, 695.

Polish-Jewish fugitives in, 5, 16.

rabbis of, Poles, 5, 17, 206.

Joseph Delmedigo at, 5, 80.

“Judaism Unmasked” printed at, 5, 189.

Judah Chassid at, 5, 213.

Moses Meïr Kamenker at, 5, 229–30.

Börne’s life in, 5, 539.

without a rabbi, 5, 566.

Talmud school of, closed, 5, 567.

honor shown to Crémieux at, 5, 668.

the Reform movement in, 5, 674.

rabbinical conference at, 5, 683–4, 685–6.

Frankfort-on-the-Main, the Jews of, burn themselves to escape persecution, 4, 109.

charged with child murder, 4, 299–300.

threatened with expulsion, 4, 417, 696.

confiscation of the books of, by Pfefferkorn, 4, 429–30, 438.

appeal to Uriel von Gemmingen, 4, 430.

send a representative to Maximilian I, 4, 430–1, 436–7.

extermination of, suggested by Pfefferkorn, 4, 463.

submit disputes to the Polish Talmudists, 4, 639.

number of, 4, 694.

antipathy to, 4, 694–5.

restrictions imposed on, 4, 695–6, 700.

houses of labeled, 4, 696.

attacked by Fettmilch, 4, 697.

flee, 4, 697–8.

re-admitted, 4, 699.

celebrate Purim-Vincent, 4, 700.

protected by Ferdinand II, 4, 701.

oppose Eibeschütz’s Talmud edition, 5, 251.

petition for emancipation, 5, 465–6.

miserable condition of, 5, 466.

relieved of the poll-tax, 5, 468.

oppressed, 5, 503.

freed from the Ghetto, 5, 504.

new laws for, 5, 504–5.

emancipation of, 5, 505.

under restrictions after Napoleon’s fall, 5, 512, 520.

send deputies to the Congress of Vienna, 5, 513.

rely on Prussia and Austria, 5, 520–1.

persecuted, 5, 529.

purchase political rights, 5, 541.

Frankfort-on-the-Main, the senate of, orders the surrender of Hebrew books, 4, 429.

withdraws aid from Pfefferkorn, 4, 430.

forbids the sale of Hebrew books, 4, 431.

protects Hebrew books on sale at the Fair, 4, 438.

directed to return the Hebrew books, 4, 439.

discusses the emancipation of the Jews, 5, 598.

and circumcision, 5, 676–7.

Frankfort-on-the-Oder, the theological faculty of, permits Jews to live in Hamburg, 4, 687.

Jews settle in, 5, 174.

regulations for the Fair at, 5, 415.

Frankfurter, Naphtali, devotee of the Kabbala, 5, 55.

complains of the scorn for the Talmud, 5, 56.

Frankists, the, Sabbatian sect, origin of, 5, 274.

opposed to Rabbinical Judaism, 5, 274.

charged with dissoluteness, 5, 275–6.

excommunicated, 5, 276–7.

the persecution of, sanctioned by Emden, 5, 278.

handed over to the Inquisition, 5, 278.

inclined towards Christianity, 5, 278–9.

attacked by the Talmud Jews, 5, 279.

charge the Talmud Jews with the blood accusation, 5, 279.

favored by Bishop Dembowski, 5, 279–80.

disputations of, with the Talmudists, 5, 280, 281, 286–7.

confession of faith by, 5, 280, 285.

persecuted, 5, 283.

apply for baptism, 5, 284.

baptized, 5, 287.

customs of, 5, 289.

families descended from, 5, 289.

regard Eibeschütz as the great Gaon, 5, 289.

Франкисты, список:

Хая, дочь Элиши Шора,

Крыса, Иегуда Лейб

Нахман бен Шмуэль Леви,

Шор, Элиша

Шломо из Рогатина.

Franks, the, the empire of, independent of the Church, 3, 37.

Jew hatred introduced into, 3, 38–9.

extent of, under Charlemagne, 3, 142.

Jews spread in, 3, 144.

Franks, the, the empire of, the Jews of, permitted to carry on the slave trade, 3, 34.

not considered a separate race, 3, 35.

occupations of, 3, 35–6.

protected by Charlemagne, 3, 142.

education of, cared for by Charlemagne, 3, 143.

oath imposed on, 3, 144.

under Louis the Pious, 3, 161–70.

have free access to court, 3, 162.

synagogues of, visited by Christians, 3, 163.

and Agobard of Lyons, 3, 164–8.

Фридрих I Барбаросса, император, считал евреев «servi cameræ», 3, 416–17.

includes Jews in his general peace, 3, 418.

Frederick II, emperor, Jews under, 3, 516.

introduces the Jew badge into Naples and Sicily, 3, 518.

Gregory IX the enemy of, 3, 519.

patron of learning, 3, 565.

corresponds with a Jewish scholar, 3, 565–6.

brings Jacob Anatoli to Naples, 3, 566–7.

reproached with heterodoxy, 3, 567, 580.

excludes Jews from public offices, 3, 567.

censures Frederick the Valiant, 3, 569.

executes the decrees of the Fourth Lateran Council, 3, 569.

lays imposts upon Jewish immigrants, 3, 569.

forces Innocent IV to retire to Lyons, 3, 584.

the Jews persecuted after the death of, 3, 611.

Frederick III, emperor, has a Jewish favorite, 4, 224.

accession of, 4, 249.

Jews under, 4, 293–4.

claims the Jews of Ratisbon, 4, 300, 416.

orders Israel Bruna’s release, 4, 303.

defers Israel Bruna’s execution, 4, 304.

protects the Jews of Ratisbon, 4, 305–6.

recommends the Jews to his son, 4, 413.

daughter of, 4, 428.

Reuchlin at the court of, 4, 433.

ennobles Reuchlin, 4, 435.

Frederick V, of Denmark, and the Eibeschütz controversy, 5, 265, 269, 271.

wife of, 5, 267.

reinstates Eibeschütz, 5, 268.

Frederick I, of Prussia, Jews under, 5, 190–1.

and the Alenu prayer, 5, 191–2.

exerts himself in behalf of “Judaism Unmasked”, 5, 192–3.

lays the Midrash Rabba under the ban, 5, 194–5.

court-Jewess of, 5, 219.

Frederick II, the Great, of Prussia, at war with Austria, 5, 251.

reputed patron of the Jews, 5, 251.

the Jews of Berlin under, 5, 294.

illiberality of, 5, 296.

poetry of, criticised by Mendelssohn, 5, 302.

summons Mendelssohn to Sans-Souci, 5, 302–3.

makes Mendelssohn a “Schutzjude,” 5, 304.

antipathy of, to Jews, 5, 304.

objects to Mendelssohn as a member of the Berlin Academy, 5, 308.

enraged against Voltaire, 5, 339.

appoints Dohm superintendent of the archives, 5, 351.

in need of money, 5, 396.

culture under, 5, 410–11.

popularizes French literature, 5, 411.

treatment of the Jews by, 5, 414, 415.

Frederick the Valiant, archduke of Austria, Jewish statute of, 3, 567–9.

introduced into a number of countries, 3, 569, 613–14.

confirmed by Rudolph of Habsburg, 3, 635.