Christmas in the olden time, engraved by H. Vizetelly, after Birket Foster 571*
Two illustrations from Thomson’s Seasons, designed and engraved by Sam Williams. 572*
Eagles, Stags, and Wolves, engraved by George Pearson, after John Wolf 573*
Hare Hawking, engraved by George Pearson, after John Wolf 574*
Falls of Niagara, engraved by George Pearson 574*
From Sandford and Merton, engraved by Measom, after H. Anelay 575*
From Longfellow’s Miles Standish, engraved by Thomas Bolton, after John Absolon 576*
Flaxman’s ‘Deliver us from Evil,’ a specimen of Mr. Thomas Bolton’s new process of photographing on wood 577*
From Montalva’s Fairy Tales, engraved by John Swain, after R. Doyle 578*
From ‘Brown, Jones, and Robinson,’ engraved by John Swain, after Doyle 579*
From Uncle Tom’s Cabin, engraved by Orrin Smith, after John Leech 580*
From Mr. Leech’s Tour in Ireland, engraved by John Swain, after John Leech 581*
From ‘Moral Emblems of all Ages,’ engraved by H. Leighton, after John Leighton 582*
Two subjects from the Illustrated Southey’s Life of Nelson, engraved by H. Harral, after E. Duncan 583*
North porch of St. Maria Maggiore, drawn and engraved by Orlando Jewitt 584*
Shrine in Bayeux Cathedral, by Orlando Jewitt 585*
Hearse of Margaret Countess of Warwick and other specimens from Regius Glossary of Ecclesiastical Ornament, by Orlando Jewitt 586*
Brick Tracery, St. Stephen’s Church, Tangermunde, Prussia, by ditto 587*
The Nut Brown Maid, engraved by J. Williams, after T. Creswick 588*
Vignette from Bohn’s Illustrated Edition of Walton’s Angler, by M. Jackson, after T. Creswick 589*
Paul preaching at Athens, engraved by W. J. Linton, after John Martin 590*
Vignette from the Book of British Ballads, engraved by ditto, after R. McIan 590*
From Milton’s L’Allegro, engraved by ditto, after Stonehouse 591*
From the same, engraved by ditto, after J. C. Horsley 591*
Ancient Gambols, drawn and engraved by F. W. Fairholt 592*
Vignette from the Illustrated Edition of Robin Hood, by ditto 592*
Two illustrations from Dr. Mantell’s Works, engraved by James Lee, after Joseph Dinkel 593*
From Coleridge’s Ancient Mariner, engraved by H. Harral, after E. H. Wehnert 594*
Three illustrations drawn and engraved by George Cruikshank, from ‘Three Courses and a Dessert’ 595*
Two illustrations by ditto from the Universal Songster 596*
Three illustrations from the Pictorial Grammar, by Crowquill 597*
Vignette from the Book of British Ballads by Kenny Meadows 597*
CHAPTER IX
THE PRACTICE OF WOOD ENGRAVING, 561-652.
Initial letter P, showing a wood engraver at work, with his lamp and globe, drawn by R. W. Buss 561
Diagram, showing a block warped 566
Cut showing the appearance of a plug-hole in the engraving, drawn by J. Jackson 570
Diagrams illustrative of the mode of repairing a block by plugging 570
Cut showing a plug re-engraved 571
Diagram showing the mode of pulling the string over the corner of the block 572
The shade for the eyes, and screen for the mouth and nose 574
Engraver’s lamp, glass, globe, and sand-bag 575
Graver 576
Diagram of gravers 576
Diagrams of tint-tools, &c. 577
Diagrams of gouges, chisels, &c. 578
xvi Gravers 579
Cuts showing the manner of holding the graver 579, 580
Examples of tints 581, 582, 583, 584
Examples of curved lines and tints 585, 586
Cuts illustrative of the mode of cutting a white outline 588
Outline engraving previous to its being blocked out—the monument to the memory of two children in Lichfield Cathedral by Sir F. Chantrey 589
The same subject finished 590
Outline engraving, after a design by Flaxman for a snuff-box for George IV. 590
Cut after a pen-and-ink sketch by Sir David Wilkie for his picture of the Rabbit on the Wall 591
Figures from a sketch by George Morland 592
Group from Sir David Wilkie’s Rent Day 593
Figure of a boy from Hogarth’s Noon, one of the engravings of his Four Parts of the Day 594
A Hog, after an etching by Rembrandt 595
Dray-horse, drawn by James Ward, R.A. 596
Jacob blessing the Children of Joseph, after Rembrandt 597
Two cuts—View of a Road-side Inn—showing the advantage of cutting the tint before the other parts of a subject are engraved 598
Head, from an etching by Rembrandt 599
Impression from a cast of part of the Death of Dentatus, engraved by W. Harvey 601
Christ and the Woman at the Well, from an etching by Rembrandt 602
The Flight into Egypt, from an etching by Rembrandt 605
Sea-piece, drawn by George Balmer 606
Sea-piece, moonlight, drawn by George Balmer 606
Landscape, evening, drawn by George Balmer 607
Impression from a cast of part of the Death of Dentatus, engraved by W. Harvey 609
View of Rouen Cathedral, drawn by William Prior 611
Map of England and Wales, with the part of the names engraved on wood, and part inserted in type 612
Group from Sir David Wilkie’s Village Festival 614
Natural Vignette, and an old ornamented capital from a manuscript of the thirteenth century 616
Specimens of ornamental capitals, chiefly taken from Shaw’s Alphabets 617
Impressions from a surface with the figures in relief—subject, the Crown-piece of George IV. 618
Impressions from a surface with the figures in intaglio—same subject 619
Shepherd’s Dog, drawn by W. Harvey 620
Egret, drawn by W. Harvey 621
Winter-piece, with an ass and her foal, drawn by J. Jackson 622
Salmon-Trout, with a view of Bywell-Lock, drawn by J. Jackson 623
Boy and Pony, drawn by J. Jackson 624
Heifer, drawn by W. Harvey 624
Descent from the Cross, after an etching by Rembrandt—impression when the block is merely lowered previous to engraving the subject 626
Descent from the Cross—impression from the finished cut 627
Copies of an ancient bust in the British Museum—No. 1 printed from a wood-cut, and No. 2 from a cast 637
Block reduced from a Lithograph by the new Electro-printing Block process 639
Horse and Ass, drawn by J. Jackson—improperly printed 641
Same subject, properly printed 642
Landscape, drawn by George Balmer—improperly printed 644
Same subject, properly printed 644
Tail-piece, drawn by C. Jacques 652
1
653
Accursius, Mariangelus, note written by, in a Donatus, 123.
Advertisements, wood-cuts prefixed to, 446 n.
Allegory of Death, a tract printed at Bamberg, 1462, 171.
Almanach de Paris, with wood-cuts, by Papillon, 459.
Almanacks, sheet, 1470, 1500, 225.
Alphabet of figures, engraved on wood, in the British Museum, 106;
cuts from, 109, 110, 111, 112;
with figures, of a Dance of Death, preserved in the public library at Basle, 352.
Amman, Jost, cuts designed by, in a book of trades and professions, 408, 409;
other cuts designed by him, 411.
Amonoph, a name on an Egyptian brick-stamp, 6 n.
Andreani, Andrea, chiaro-scuros engraved by, 432.
Angus, George, of Newcastle-on-Tyne, printer, wood-cuts used by, in cheap works, 180, 228.
Annunciation, old cut of the, 50.
Ansgarius, St., supposed to have been the compiler of the Biblia Pauperum, 94.
Antichrist, cuts of, 61.
Antonianus, Silvius, a cardinal, claimed by Papillon as a wood engraver, 337.
Antonio, Marc, his copies of the Little Passion and the Life of the Virgin, designed by Durer, 251.
Antwerp, painters’ company of, entertain Durer, 261;
Apelles, the image of the life of man as painted in a table by, 436 n.
Apocalypse, an ancient block-book, 61, 68;
cuts in illustration of, from Durer’s designs, 239.
Appeal to Christendom, early specimen of typography, 138.
Arch, triumphal, of Maximilian, designed by Durer, 255.
Aretin, J. C. von, 114.
Ars Memorandi, 113;
cut from, 115.
Ars Moriendi, an old block-book, 116.
Art, early German, 3.
Assen, J. W. van, 318.
Astle’s Origin and Progress of Writing, 20.
Atkinson, G. C., his Life of Bewick, 477, 478, 480, 482, 492, 501, 503, 505.
Austin, an English wood-engraver, 538.
Babylonian brick, 7.
Balls, leather, formerly used by pressmen, not so elastic as composition rollers, 620.
Bamberg, a book of fables printed at, in 1461, 171.
Bämler, John, a printer of Augsburg, 180.
Baptism of Drusiana, 66.
Bartsch, Adam, of opinion that Albert Durer did not engrave on wood, 237.
Battailes, La Fleur des, 1505, 210.
Baxter, George, his improvements in printing in colours, 406;
his chiaro-scuros and picture-prints, 629.
Beating time with the foot mistaken for printing, 120.
Beaumont, Sir George, curious alphabet of figures engraved on wood, formerly belonging to, 106.
Bechtermuntze, Henry and Nicholas, early printers, related to Gutemberg, 142.
Beddoes, Dr. Thomas, his poem of Alexander’s expedition down the Hydaspes, with wood-cuts, by E. Dyas, 1792, 463 n.
Behaim, Michael, letter to, from Albert Durer, 235.
Behaim, H. S. 253 n, 320.
654 Beilby, Ralph, the partner of Bewick, 479.
Beildeck, Lawrence, his evidence in the suit of the Drytzehns against Gutemberg, 1438, 128.
Bekker, R. Z. editor of a collection of wood-cuts, from old blocks in the possession of the Baron Von Derschau, 226.
Bellini, Giovanni, his praise of Durer, 242.
Bells, inscriptions on, 20.
Bernacle or Barnacle Goose, 414.
Bernardin, St. account of an old wood-cut of, 56.
Beroaldus, Peter, editor of an edition of Ptolemy, 201.
Best, Andrew, and Leloir, their metallic relief engraving, 636.
Bethemsted, a name in an old book of wood-cuts, 111.
Beugnet, a French wood engraver, 547.
Bewick, Thomas, his birth, 1753, 472;
apprenticed to Mr. R. Beilby, 474;
engraves the diagrams in Hutton’s Mensuration, 1768-1770, 475;
receives a premium for his cut of the Old Hound, 1775, 476;
visits London, 477;
cuts engraved by him in a Hieroglyphic Bible, 478;
his love of the country, 479;
his cuts in Gay’s Fables, 480;
his cut of the Chillingham Bull, 481;
his cut of the Old Horse waiting for Death, 510;
his diligence, 507;
tribute to his merits from Blackwood’s Magazine, 512;
list of portraits of him, 509 n.
Bewick, John, notice of his principal works, 513.
Bible, the Mazarine, printed prior to August, 1456, 139.
Bible supposed to have been printed by Pfister, at Bamberg, 181.
engravings from 86, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92.
Bible, Quadrins Historiques de la, 402.
Biblia Pauperum Predicatorum, 83.
Bildhauer, 2.
Binding, old, 60.
Birds, engraved by Bewick’s pupils, 492 n.
Birkman, Arnold, Dance of Death, copied from the Lyons edition, published by his heirs, Cologne, 1555-1572, 336.
Blake, William, his mode of engraving in metallic relief, 632;
his drawing of Death’s Door, engraved by Linton, 591.
Blind Beggar of Bethnal Green, cut from, 534.
Blocking out, 589.
Block-books claimed for Lawrence Coster, 58.
Blocks, original, of the Triumphs of Maximilian, preserved at Vienna, 291.
Bombo, the name of a dog, supposed by Papillon to be the name of a wood-engraver, 337 n.
Bomb shell, cut of a, from a book printed in 1472, 187.
Borbonius, or Bourbon, Nicholas, verses by, in praise of Holbein, 356, 357, 362, 367.
Borders, flowered, earliest specimens of in books, 209.
Box-wood, different qualities of, 563, 566.
Brands for marking cattle, 11.
Branston, R. the younger, wood-engraver, 544;
his method of engraving in metallic relief, 634.
Branston, F. W. wood-engraver, 544, 545.
Brass stamps, 10.
Brasses, monumental, 21.
Braunche, Robert, his monument at Lynn, 22.
Breitkopf, G. J. his attempt to print maps with separative pieces of type-metal, 1776, 205.
Bricks, from Egypt and Babylon, 6, 7.
Bridget, St., early cut of, 52.
Brief of Indulgence, 1454, an early specimen of typography, 137.
Briefe, cards so called in Germany, 42.
Briefmaler and Briefdrucker, 43, 410.
Broughton, Hugh, his Concent of Scripture, with copper-plate engravings, 1591, 423.
Büchel, Emanuel, a Dance of Death copied by, in water-colours, 326.
Bukinck, Arnold, printer, his edition of Ptolemy, 1478, with maps, engraved on copper, 200.
Bullet, J. B. his Researches on Playing Cards, 40.
Bulwer, Sir E. Lytton, quoted, 398.
Burgmair, Hans, painter, and designer on wood, 277.
Burleigh, Lord, his portrait in Archbishop Parker’s edition of the Bible, 1568, 419.
Burnet, John, his engraving of Chelsea Pensioners, after Wilkie, 213.
Burning in the hand, 12.
Bury, Richard de, makes no mention of wood engraving, 39.
Businck, chiaro-scuros engraved by, 440.
Buttons, silver, engraved by Bewick, 479.
Bybel, Historische School en Huis, Amsterdam, 1743, with wood-cuts, 459.
Byfield, John, wood engraver, 544.
C
Calcar, John, a Flemish painter, 434.
Calderinus, D. editor of an edition of Ptolemy, 208.
Camus, his account of a book printed at Bamberg, 1462, 171.
Canticles, illustrations of, 71, 72.
655 Capitals, ornamented, in Faust and Scheffer’s Psalter, 426;
in English and other books, 616, 617.
Car, triumphal, of Maximilian, designed by Durer, 255.
Cards, known in 1340, 40.
Caron, Nicholas, wood engraver, his portrait of Papillon, 466 n.
Carpi, Ugo da, engraver of chiaro-scuros, on wood, 230, 307.
Cartouch, 28 n.
Casts, stereotype, early, 418;
modern, 636;
clichage, 637.
Cat edition of Dante, Venice, 1578, 431.
Catherine, St. patroness of learned men, 207.
Catholicon Johannis Januensis, 135 n.
Cauteria, 12.
Caxton, W. books printed by,—Game of Chess, 191;
Mirror of the World, 194;
Golden Legend, Fables of Esop, Canterbury Tales, 195.
Caylus, Count, chiaro-scuros executed by, and N. Le Sueur, 456 n.
Cessolis, J. de, his work on Chess, 197.
Champollion, 6 n.
Chantrey, Sir F. monument by, in Lichfield Cathedral, 589, 590.
Characters in an old Dutch Dance of Death, 318, 329 n.
Charlemagne, his monogram, 14.
Chelidonius, 243, 251.
Chelsea Pensioners, engraving of, after Sir D. Wilkie, 213.
Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales, 48.
Chess, the Game of, printed by Caxton, 191.
Chiaro-scuro, engraving on wood, known in Germany, in 1509, 230.
Chiaro-scuros, 307, 402, 432, 440, 451, 455, 467, 628.
Children in the Wood, cut from, 533.
Chillingham bull, cut of, by Bewick, 481.
Chinese engraving and printing, 23.
Chirotipografia, or hand-printing, 44 n.
Chisels, 578.
Christopher, St. wood-cut of, in the possession of Earl Spencer, 45, 46.
Chrysographus, 121.
Circular wood engravings in the British Museum, 54 n.
Cleaning wood cuts after printing, mode of, 649.
Clerc, Sebastian le, cuts in Croxall’s Æsop’s Fables, copied from his engravings, 450.
Clichage, a mode of taking a cast from a wood engraving, 637.
Coeck, Peter, of Alost, his Costumes and Manners of the Turks, 402.
Coining, its antiquity, 19.
Cole, Humphrey, an English engraver, 1572, 419.
Collation of editions of the Speculum Salvationis, 102.
Cologne Chronicle, unfairly quoted by the advocates of Coster, 122.
Colonna, Francis, author of the Hypnerotomachia, 218.
Colour, the meaning of the word when applied to engravings, 213.
Committee of the House of Commons on Arts and their Connexion with Manufactures, 305.
Congreve’s, Sir Wm. mode of colour printing, 630.
Concanen, M. wood cut in Miscellaneous Poems, published by, 1724, 453.
Cooper, James, wood-engraver, 550, 552.
Coornhert, Theodore, claims the invention of printing for Harlem, 146.
Copperplate engraving, its invention ascribed to Varro, 21.
Copperplates, earliest books containing, 200;
the earliest engraved in England, 419.
Coriolano, Bartolomeo, chiaro-scuros engraved by, 440.
Coster, Lawrence, first mentioned by Hadrian Junius as the inventor of printing, 147;
account of his invention, 149.
Cotman’s Sepulchral Brasses, 22 n.
Cowper, Edward, his invention for piercing wood blocks for map engraving, 205.
Cracherode, Rev. C. M. prints and books presented by him to the British Museum, 72, 231, 355, 385.
Cranach, Lucas, painter and designer on wood, 275;
chiaro-scuros cut after, 276;
figure of Christ printed in colours, supposed to be by him, 404.
Crown-piece of George IV., impressions of casts from, 618.
Cross-hatching, 224, 234, 562.
Cuningham’s, Dr. William, Cosmographical Glass, 1559, 421, 425;
his portrait, 424;
cuts from his book, 425, 426, 427.
Cunio, Alberic and Isabella, pretended wood engravers, 26.
Curved lines, the effect of, 585.
Cutting tools, 576.
D
Dammetz, Lucas, called also Lucas Van Leyden, 308.
Dampth, its effect on box-wood, 564.
Dance of Death, in old churches, 325;
at Basle, 326;
in old French and other books, 328;
656 his Alphabet containing his Dance of Death, 352.
the cat edition of, Venice, 1578, 431.
Dates of block books and cuts, mistake about, 58.
Day, John, an English printer, supposed to have also engraved on wood, 425.
Denecker, Jobst, publisher of a Dance of Death at Augsburg, 1544, 336.
Dentatus, the large cut of the death of, engraved by W. Harvey, 528;
specimens of it, 601, 609.
Derschau, the Baron Von, his collection of old wood blocks, 93, 226;
his character, 236 n.
Doctrinale gette en mole, 122.
Dodd, Daniel and John, wood engravers, 544.
Dolce, Ludovico, his Transformationi, a paraphrase of Ovid’s Metamorphoses, 394.
Dominicals, stamped on paper, 120.
Dominotiers, 45.
Donatus, a grammatical treatise so called, printed from wood blocks, 117;
one supposed to have been stamped, 1340, 121;
idea of typography perhaps suggested by such a work, 123.
Douce, Francis, his opinion about the name Machabre, 325;
his list of books containing figures of a Dance of Death, 328;
his edition of the Dance of Death, 1833, 338;
denies that the cuts in the Lyons edition were designed by Holbein, 346;
Dovaston’s account of Bewick, 478 n.
Drawings, of a Dance of Death, supposed to be originals, by Holbein, 357;
by Robert Johnson, purchased of Beilby and Bewick, by the Earl of Bute, 517;
on wood, mode of preparing the block for, 570;
for wood engraving, difficulty of obtaining good, 592.
Drytzehn, Andrew, a partner of Gutemberg’s, 126.
Dünne, Hans, work done by him for Gutemberg, on account of printing, previous to 1438, 129.
Durer, Albert, placed as pupil under Michael Wolgemuth, 238;
earliest known copper-plate of his engraving, 1494, 239;
his visit to Venice, 241;
triumphal car, 255;
his earliest etchings, 257;
specimen of his carving in the British Museum, 258;
his poetry, 260 n;
his portrait, 272;
lock of his hair preserved, 321 n;
his death, said to have been hastened through his wife’s bad temper, 239, 273.
Dyas, E. a self-taught wood engraver, 463 n.
Dyers of Ovingham, 501.
Egyptian brick stamp, 5, 6.
Electro-printing block process, specimen of, 639.
Electrotyping, 638.
Elizabeth, Queen, portrait of, in Archbishop Parker’s Bible, 1568, 419;
in her Prayer-Book, 427, 428.
Emblems of Mortality, with cuts, engraved by John Bewick, 1789, 329, 513.
Emblems, Religious, with wood-cuts, 1808, 520.
Engraving, the word explained, 1;